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'''Times New Roman''' is an ancient language of Cuadhlabh, intended to have a "dark Elvish" aesthetic (i.e. Finnish + Latin + Arabic).
'''Hapát Maihivu''' ('our language') is a [[Verse:Tricin/Chunda Capeto|Capetan]] language intended to have a Sami, Latin, and Arabic aesthetic.


Consonants: /m n p t k s v l r j h/ {{angbr|'''m n p t k s v l r y h'''}}
TODO: use a more Sami aesthetic
 
Consonants: /m n ŋ p t k s v l r j h/ {{angbr|'''m n ŋ p t k s v l r y h'''}}


Vowels: /a i u aː iː uː/ {{angbr|'''a i u á í ú'''}}
Vowels: /a i u aː iː uː/ {{angbr|'''a i u á í ú'''}}
Line 7: Line 9:
Allowed geminates: /mm nn pp tt kk ss ll rr/ {{angbr|'''mm nn pp tt kk ss ll rr'''}}
Allowed geminates: /mm nn pp tt kk ss ll rr/ {{angbr|'''mm nn pp tt kk ss ll rr'''}}


Allowed clusters: /mp mpp nt ntt nk nkk ns nv nj ps ts ks lp lpp lt ltt lk lkk ls lm ln lv lj rp rpp rt rtt rk rkk rs rm rn rv rj hj hv ht/ {{angbr|'''mp mpp nt ntt nk nkk ns nv ny ps ts ks lp lpp lt ltt lk lkk ls lm ln lv ly rp rpp rt rtt rk rkk rs rm rn rv ry hy hv ht'''}}
Allowed clusters: /mp mpp nt ntt ŋk ŋkk ns nv nj ps ts ks lp lpp lt ltt lk lkk ls lm ln lv lj rp rpp rt rtt rk rkk rs rm rn rv rj hj hv ht/ {{angbr|'''mp mpp nt ntt ŋk ŋkk ns nv ny ps ts ks lp lpp lt ltt lk lkk ls lm ln lv ly rp rpp rt rtt rk rkk rs rm rn rv ry hy hv ht'''}}
 
Allowed word-final consonants: /t n r/


1: már
1: már
2: allu
2: allu
3: tarvuli
3: arvu
4: issili
4: issi
5: úpali
5: úpa
6: vinírili
6: viníri
7: minkúli
7: miŋku
8: tahúsali
8: tahúsa
9: hilkámuli
9: hilkámu
10: altupuvassín
10: altuvatut
11: mártupuvassín
11: mártuvatut
12: tupuva
12: tuva
 
*pl: -nna
*abs: -0
*erg: -a (-á, -ia, -ua)
*gen: -at
 
Infinitive: ''-na''?
 
Personal endings:
*1sg: -:n ''nunttán'', ''míhtún''
*2sg: -:i ''nunttái'', ''míhtúi''
*3sg: -t ''nunttat'', ''míhtut''
*1pl: -:pá ''nuntápa'', ''míhtúpa''
*2pl: -nká ''nuntanka'', ''míhtunka''
*3pl: -át ''nuntát'', ''míhtuát''
*imp: -:r ''nunttár'', ''míhtúr''
 
*''-ain-'' = antipassive?
 
:'''''Vainkataramaná ísarvi uksat.'''''
:V.-ERG paste-ABS eat-3SG.SBJ
:''Venkataramana eats paste.''
 
:'''''Vainkataramana uksat.'''''
:V.-ABS eat-3SG.SBJ
:''Venkataramana eats.''


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
Line 66: Line 40:
| '''n''' /n/
| '''n''' /n/
|  
|  
| '''ng''' /ŋ/
| '''ŋ''' /ŋ/
|  
|  
|-
|-
! |Plosive
! |Plosive
| '''p''' /p~b/
| '''p''' /p/
| '''t''' /t~d/
| '''t''' /t/
|  
|  
|rowspan="2"|'''k''' /k~x~g/
|rowspan="2"|'''k''' /k/
|  
|  
|-
|-
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|-
|-
!Strong grade
!Strong grade
|''p''||''t''||''k''||''CC''||''nCC''||''lCC''||''rCC''||''mp''||''nt''||''nk''||''lp''||''lt''||''lk''||''rp''||''rt''||''rk''
|''p''||''t''||''k''||''CC''||''nCC''||''lCC''||''rCC''||''mp''||''nt''||''ŋk''||''lp''||''lt''||''lk''||''rp''||''rt''||''rk''
|-
|-
!Weak grade
!Weak grade
|''v''||''l''||''v''||''C''||''nC''||''lC''||''rC''||''mm''||''nn''||''ng''||''lv''||''ll''||''lj''||''rv''||''rr''||''rj''
|''v''||''l''||''Ø''||''C''||''nC''||''lC''||''rC''||''mm''||''nn''||''ŋŋ''||''lv''||''ll''||''ly''||''rv''||''rr''||''ry''
|}
|}


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
Below, [S] = strong-grade stem, [W] = weak-grade stem.
===Nouns===
===Nouns===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3"| ''luki, luinna'' - human
|-
! !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Absolutive
|''[S]''||''[W]-nna''
|-
!|Ergative
|''[S]-a''||''[W]-ntá''
|-
!|Genitive
|''[S]-at''||''[W]-ntát''
|-
!|Dative
|''[S]-r''||''[W]-ntar''
|-
!|Adessive
|''[W]-tur''||''[W]-nnatur''
|-
!|Ablative
|''[W]-tut''||''[W]-nnatut''
|-
!|Inessive
|''[W]-mur''||''[W]-nnamur''
|-
!|Elative
|''[W]-mut''||''[W]-nnamut''
|}


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
|-
|-
! colspan="3"| '''''luki'' - human'''
! colspan="3"| ''luki, luinna'' - human
|-
|-
! !! Singular !! Plural
! !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
!|Absolutive
!|Absolutive
|''luki''||''luğinna''
|''luki''||''luinna''
|-
|-
!|Ergative
!|Ergative
|''lukia''||''luvintavá''
|''lukia''||''luintá''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|''lukiat''||''luvinnat''
|''lukiat''||''luintát''
|-
!|Dative
|''lukir''||''luintar''
|-
|-
!|Allative
!|Adessive
|''luvitur''||''luvinnatur''
|''luitur''||''luinnatur''
|-
|-
!|Illative
!|Ablative
|''luvinur''||''luvinnanur''
|''luitut''||''luinnatut''
|-
!|Inessive
|''luimur''||''luinnamur''
|-
!|Elative
|''luimut''||''luinnamut''
|}
|}


===Verbs===
===Verbs===
nuntahun, nuntahi, nuntat, nuntahapak, nuntanka, nuntahat, nuntahur
nuntakan, nuntaki, nuntat, nuntakapak, nuntakka, nuntakat, nuntakur


{{col-begin}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 350px; text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 350px; text-align: center;"
|-
|+ Present tense suffixes
!colspan="4" | Present tense suffixes
|-
|-
!style="width: 50px; "|
!style="width: 50px; "|
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!|2
!|2
|[S] + ''-:i'' (''*-íi'' > ''-í'')
|[S] + ''-:i'' (''*-íi'' > ''-í'')
|[S] + ''-nka''
|[S] + ''-:ka''
|-
|-
!|3.an
!|3
|[W] + ''-t''
|[W] + ''-t''
|[W] + ''-at''
|[W] + ''-at''
Line 195: Line 209:
{{col-break}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 350px; text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 350px; text-align: center;"
|+ ''nuntana'' 'to protect'
|-
|-
!colspan="4" | ''nunttana'' 'to protect'
!style="width: 50px; "|
!style="width: 100px; "|Singular
!style="width: 100px; "|Plural
|-
!|1
|''nuntán''
|''nuntáva''
|-
!|2
|''nuntái''
|''nuntáka''
|-
!|3
|''nunnat''
|''nunnát''
|-
!|impersonal
|colspan="2"|''nuntár''
|}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 350px; text-align: center;"
|+ ''sákkina'' 'to love'
|-
|-
!style="width: 50px; "|
!style="width: 50px; "|
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|-
|-
!|1
!|1
|''nunttán''
|''sákkín''
|''nunttáva''
|''sákkíva''
|-
|-
!|2
!|2
|''nunttái''
|''sákkí''
|''nunttanka''
|''sákkíka''
|-
|-
!|3.an
!|3
|''nuntat''
|''sákit''
|''nuntát''
|''sákiat''
|-
|-
!|impersonal
!|impersonal
|colspan="2"|''nunttár''
|colspan="2"|''sákkír''
|}
|}
{{col-end}}
{{col-end}}
Nouns from verbs: ''-vu''
===Pronouns===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Declension of personal pronouns
! !! 1sg !! 2sg || 1pl || 2pl
|-
!|Absolutive
|''án'' || ''hí'' || ''hapa'' || ''hakki''
|-
!|Ergative
|''anna'' || ''unna'' || ''hapá'' || ''hakkia''
|-
!|Genitive
|''anat'' || ''unat'' || ''hapát'' || ''hakkiat''
|-
!|Adessive
|''antur'' || ''untur'' || ''havatur'' || ''hakitur''
|-
!|Ablative
|''antut'' || ''untut'' || ''havatut'' || ''hakitut''
|-
!|Inessive
|''ammur'' || ''ummur'' || ''havamur'' || ''hakimur''
|-
!|Elative
|''ammut'' || ''ummut'' || ''havamut'' || ''hakimut''
|}
3rd person/demonstratives?


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
[[Category:Times New Roman]][[Category:Hussmauch]]
Times New Roman is consistently head-final.
 
:'''''Sákivuat si kirvavuat urkka maihín.''
:''I speak of love and hate.''
 
:'''''Antur pihtar yanakúi?'''''
:''Are you saving it for me?''
 
[[Category:Times New Roman]][[Category:Hussmauch]][[Category:Languages]]
IlL
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