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Harākti: Difference between revisions
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===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
Verbs in Harākti are, as expected, inflected, or conjugated, for three persons and three numbers. There are two main tenses, present and preterite, with future as a derivative of the present tense. The majority of verbs are usually either perfective or imperfective by default, although the differences are minimal and many verbs can be both, but there is a very productive way of forming progressive-iterative verbs, habitual-durative and causative verbs. There are a few moods, namely indicative, conditional, optative, conditional-optative (the latter is sometimes called subjunctive), and imperative. There are also three voices in Harākti: active, mediopassive and passive. Passive is a derivative of the mediopassive, but mediopassive is a voice that is very similar to mediopassive in Hittite. It is usually corresponds to reflexive verbs in Slavic and Romance languages, and to passive in English. | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 700px; text-align: center;" | |||
! colspan="8" | '''Overview of conjugations''' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Mood !! rowspan="2" | Person,<br>number !! colspan="2" | Active !! colspan="2" | Mediopassive !! colspan="2" | Passive | |||
|- | |||
! Present !! Preterite !! Present !! Preterite !! Present !! Preterite | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="9" | Indicative !! 1 sg. | |||
| -mi/-a || -an || -(a)hari || -(a)han || -(a)lari || -(a)lan | |||
|- | |||
! 2 sg. | |||
| -(e)si || -(e)s || -(e)hati || (e)hat || -(e)hali || -(e)lat | |||
|- | |||
! 3 sg. | |||
| -(e)ti || -(e)t || -(e)tari || -(e)tat || -(e)tali || -(e)let | |||
|- | |||
! 1 du. | |||
| -(a)vē || -(a)ven || -(a)vastah || -(a)vedah || -(a)valah || -(a)velah | |||
|- | |||
! 2 du. | |||
| -(e)tē || -(e)tan || -(e)vatē || -(e)vetat || -(e)valē || -(e)velat | |||
|- | |||
! 3 du. | |||
| -(e)tē || -(e)tan || -(e)vatē || -(e)vetat || -(e)valē || -(e)velat | |||
|- | |||
! 1 pl. | |||
| -(a)mē || -(a)men || -(a)mastah || -(a)metah || -(a)malah || -(a)melah | |||
|- | |||
! 2 pl. | |||
| -(e)te || -(e)ten || -(e)dahū || -(e)dahūt || -(e)dalū || -(e)dalūt | |||
|- | |||
! 3 pl. | |||
| -(a)nti || - (a)nt || -(a)ntar || -(a)ntat || -(a)lanti || -(a)lant | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="9" | Imperative !! 1 sg. | |||
| -(a)lu || rowspan="9" | - || -(a)haru || rowspan="9" | - || -(a)laru || rowspan="9" | - | |||
|- | |||
! 2 sg. | |||
| -(e)di/-(ei)e || -(e)hut || -(e)lut | |||
|- | |||
! 3 sg. | |||
| -tu/-u || -(e)taru || -(e)talu | |||
|- | |||
! 1 du. | |||
| -ūn || -(a)dūn || -(a)valuh | |||
|- | |||
! 2 du. | |||
| -(e)ton || -(e)tun || -(e)valū | |||
|- | |||
! 3 du. | |||
| -(e)ton || -(e)tun || -(e)valū | |||
|- | |||
! 1 pl. | |||
| -(a)mu || -(a)madu || -(a)maluh | |||
|- | |||
! 2 pl. | |||
| -(e)tei || -(e)dū || -(e)dalū | |||
|- | |||
! 3 pl. | |||
| -(a)ndu || -(a)ntu || -(a)lantu | |||
|} | |||
'''Other tenses, aspects and moods:''' | |||
* future: '''-as-''' + present forms | |||
* prigressive-iterative: '''-re-''' | |||
* habitual-durative: '''-sk-''' | |||
* causative: '''-nen-''' ( -> -ne-/-nu-/-neu-) | |||
* conditional: '''-oh-''' | |||
* optative: '''-ī-''' | |||
* conditional-optative: '''-ih/ah-''' | |||
'''Impersonal forms:''' | |||
* present gerund active: '''-(a)uente''' | |||
* present participle passive: '''-mano''' (-> -man-) | |||
* past gerund active: '''-vese/uese''' | |||
* past participle passive: '''-(n)on/ot''' | |||
* supine: '''-(a)uan''' | |||
* nominalised verb: '''-o''' (neuter gender) | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||