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| ==Phonology==
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| e o -> i u
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| zero grade vowel -> a
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| eh1 oh1 eh2 oh2 eh3 oh3 -> ee uu aa oo aa oo
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| ey oy ew ow iH uH -> ii ui iu uu ii uu
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| syllabic nasal + H -> å
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| rh1 rh2 rh3 -> år, lh1 lh2 lh3 -> ål
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| p b bh t d dh k' g' g'h k g gh -> p v v t d d s z z k g g
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| pH tH kH -> f þ h
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| s -> h; ruki'd s -> r
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| ===Nasal Spirant Rule===
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| in+fricative -> ee+fricative, an+fricative -> å+fricative
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| ===Modern Hivantish===
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| Vowel length turns into vowel quality
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| å oo uu -> ó ú y
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| a aa ee i ii u -> a á é i y u
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| ai ui iu -> æ ö ie
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| PIE sm sn sl sr sw sy -> hm hn hl hr hw hj /m n ɬ ʂ ʍ j/
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| PIE sp st sk' sk -> sp st s sk
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