Verse:Lõis/Qivattutannguaq: Difference between revisions

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==Numerals==
==Numerals==
*zero: nuilluq (m.), nuillaa (f.), nuillun (n.)
*I: ainuq (m.), ainaa (f.), ainun (n.)
*I: ainuq (m.), ainaa (f.), ainun (n.)
*II: tuwai (animate) tuwaa (inanimate)
*II: tuwai (animate) tuwaa (inanimate)

Revision as of 20:06, 27 January 2020

Siqa tuqsuq Qivattut (This page in Hivatish)
Lõis/Qivattutannguaq
Qivattutannguaq
Pronunciation[/hivatːutaŋːuaχ/]
Created byIlL
SettingLõis
Indo-European
  • Lõis/Qivattutannguaq

Qivattutannguaq (Qivattutannguaq /hivatːutaŋːuaχ/ or Qivattuq tannguaq /hivatːuχ taŋːuaχ/) is an Indo-European language inspired by Greenlandic, Old Persian and Proto-Celtic.

Qivattutannguaq is a result of Indo-European being influenced by Inuit languages. It was spoken in Qivattulunnun, which is located in our Great Britain.

It was divided into two registers, the high register Qunngartutannguaq ("perfected language") and the vernacular Prisinitutannguaq ("natural language").

  • siiman = seed (related to German Keim)
  • tiutaa = tribe
  • teewaq = god
  • siuqit < *ǵews-eti = he tries
  • suqtuq (< *ǵews-tus) = attempt
  • imaq (m) = sea
  • iqalugaq (m) = trout
  • anuri (n) = storm
  • iqariuq = red <- h₁ésh₂ṛ-yos
  • talguq = long
  • tuattuq (m) = trail <- duh₂-ntos
  • arsattuq (m) = silver
  • taiseet = he pinpoints, he locates
  • ziimaa = winter
  • wivuneet (wi-wonh1-eyeti) = he aspires

Kiiwuq piksuq wutarit naaksit. = The living fish swims in the water.

Names

Phonology

Qivattutannguaq has a rather small phonology.

Vowels: i u a ii uu ee aa ai au iu ui

Consonants: p v t d s z k g q m n ng l r j v /p v t ð~d s z k ɣ~g χ m n ŋ l r j w/

Voiceless stops are unaspirated.

i u are pronounced [e o] before q.

Diachronics

o > u

RC > aRC

l before voiceless consonants = /ɬ/

nt > tt; nd, ndʰ > nn

Pronouns

izaa 'I'
Singular Plural
Nominative izaa ammii
Genitive mini ammaqun
Dative mai ammai
Accusative mi ammi
Ablative minit, miit ammavuq
Locative minit, miit ammavi


tuu 'thou'
Singular Plural
Nominative tuu juu
Genitive tivi junngaqun
Dative tai junngai
Accusative ti junngi
Ablative tivit, tiit junngavuq
Locative tivit, tiit junngavi
  • siqu, siqaa, situt = this
  • qu, qaa, tut = that
  • ju, jaa, jut = which (relative pronoun)
  • kiq? kia? kit? = who? what?

Nouns

Functions of the cases

Qivattutannguaq has 6 or 7 cases depending on register.

  • The nominative is used for subjects and predicate objects. In Prisinitutannguaq, it is also used for direct objects.
  • Dative objects and benefactives use the dative. It is also used for "have", as in Latin.
  • The genitive is used for attributive possession and "belongs to" possession. Genitives come befire nouns.
  • In Qunngartutannguaq, the direct object of an affirmative verb takes the accusative, and the direct object of a negated verb takes the genitive:
    • Suwaa iwiti walkun. = The dog saw a wolf.
    • Suwaa neen iwiti walkaa. = The dog did not see a wolf.
  • Static locations take the locative. A preposition such as in or at can be used but is not necessary.
  • Destinations for prepositions indicating destination like in 'into', at 'at' or ipi 'onto' take the accusative.
  • "from a location" generally just takes the ablative, but some contexts require the preposition ut. (such as from a place that is city-sized or larger: ut vukaat 'from the city', but taamiat 'from the house')
  • For 'with' (instrumental) su + ablative is used. 'With' (comitative) requires the preposition san + ablative.
  • Agents of passive verbs use the ablative.

Thematic

o-stems

falkuς 'wolf' (< *wĺ̥kʷos; underwent taboo deformation)
Singular Plural
Nominative falkuς falkāς
Genitive falkā falkūn
Dative falkai falkafuς
Accusative falkun falkūς
Ablative falkiat falkafuς
Locative falkiat falkafi
Vocative falki! falkāς!


virdun 'word' (< *werdʰh₁om)
Singular Plural
Nominative virdun virdā
Genitive virdā virdūn
Dative virdai virdafuς
Accusative virdun virdā
Ablative virdiat virdafuς
Locative virdiat virdafi
Vocative virdi! virdā!

eh2-stems

vukaa 'city' (< *bʰug-éh₂)
Singular Plural
Nominative vukaa vukaaq
Genitive vukaaq vukuun
Dative vukai vukaavuq
Accusative vukaan vukaaq
Ablative vukaat vukaavuq
Locative vukaat vukaavi
Vocative vukaa! vukaaq!

u-stems

quunuq 'son'
Singular Plural
Nominative quunuq quunuwiq
Genitive quuniuq quunuun
Dative quuniwi quunuvuq
Accusative quunun quunuuq
Ablative quunut quunuvuq
Locative quunut quunuvi
Vocative quunu! quunuwiq!

Also: nauς 'boat, ship'

i-stems

iγniς 'fire'
Singular Plural
Nominative iγniς iγnīς
Genitive iγnīς iγnūn, iγnijūn
Dative iγnī iγnifuς
Accusative iγnin iγnīς
Ablative iγnit iγnifuς
Locative iγnit iγnifi
Vocative iγni! iγnīq!

Also: tēpputiς 'master'.

Neuter i-stems:

anuri 'storm' (< Proto-Inuit ạnųʁǝ̈ 'wind')
Singular Plural
Nominative anuri anuria
Genitive anurīς anurūn, anurijūn
Dative anurī anurifuς
Accusative anuri anuria
Ablative anurit anurifuς
Locative anurit anurifi
Vocative anuri! anuria!

h2-stems

imaq 'sea'
Singular Plural
Nominative imaq imaaq
Genitive imiaq imuun
Dative imai imavuq
Accusative iman imaaq
Ablative imat imavuq
Locative imat imavi
Vocative ima! imaat!

n-stems

zamaa 'human'
Singular Plural
Nominative zamaa zamuniq
Genitive zamuuq zamunuun
Dative zamunii zamunavuq
Accusative zamunan zamunaaq
Ablative zamunit zamunavuq
Locative zamunit zamunavi
Vocative zamuni! zamuniq!

-mn-nouns

numan 'name'
Singular Plural
Nominative numan numanaa
Genitive numaaq numanuun
Dative numanii numanavuq
Accusative numan numanaa
Ablative numanit numanavuq
Locative numanit numanavi
Vocative numan! numanaa!

Also: wirman 'time', wingman 'clothes'

Athematic

Example nouns: qaullaq = sun; apalaq = apple

reezaq 'king'
Singular Plural
Nominative reezaq reeziq
Genitive reezaq reezuun
Dative reezii reezavuq
Accusative reezan reezaaq
Ablative reezit reezavuq
Locative reezit reezavi
Vocative rees! reeziq!
iqalugaq 'trout' (< Proto-Inuit ǝqaluɣ)
Singular Plural
Nominative iqalugaq iqalugiq
Genitive iqalugaq iqaluguun
Dative iqalugii iqalugavuq
Accusative iqalugan iqalugaaq
Ablative iqalugit iqalugavuq
Locative iqalugit iqalugavi
Vocative iqaluk! iqalugiq!
wutar 'water'
Singular Plural
Nominative wutar wutaraa
Genitive wutar wutaruun
Dative wutarii wutaravuq
Accusative wutaran wutaraa
Ablative wutarit wutaravuq
Locative wutarit wutaravi
Vocative wutar! wutaraa!

pateer-class

pateer 'father'
Singular Plural
Nominative pateer patiriq
Genitive patriq patiruun
Dative patrii patiravuq
Accusative patran patiraaq
Ablative patrit patiravuq
Locative patrit patiravi
Vocative patir! patiriq!


Declined similarly: pateer, maateer, vraateer, whiqaar, dukateer = father, mother, brother, sister, daughter

Adjectives

Adjectives fall into three main declensions: -uq adjectives (~ Latin 1st declension adjectives), -iq adjectives (~ Latin 3rd declension adjectives), and -aq adjectives (containing verb participles).

-uq adjectives

  • nom: -uq, -aa, -un, pl. -aaq, -aaq, -aa

-iq adjectives

  • nom. -iq, -iq, -i; pl. -iiq, -iiq, -ia

-aq adjectives

Prepositions

  • su = w/ abl.: with (instrumental)
  • san = w/ abl.: with (comitative)
  • viz = w/ gen.: without
  • in
    • w/ acc.: into
    • w/ loc.: inside
  • at = at
    • w/ acc.: towards; at
  • attir =
    • w/ loc.: between,
    • w/ acc.: against
  • ut = w/ abl.: out of
  • ipi
    • w/ acc.: onto
    • w/ loc.: on

Verbs

Qivattutannguaq verbs have only three tenses: present, past, and optative.

Athematic

tituat 'he gives', pres. ind.
Singular Plural
1 tituami titumaq
2 tituaq tituti
3 tituat tituut

e/o-thematic

These verbs often take the past form from PIE root aorists.

Some verbs in this class:

  • vilsit, ivalsi = shines
  • vindit, ivandi = binds
  • siuqit, isuqi = tries


Present
Person Active Passive
1SG vindaa vindaar
2SG vindiq vinditar
3SG vindit vinditur
1PL vindumaq vindumaqti
2PL vinditi vinditau
3PL vinduut vinduttur
Past
Person Active Passive
1SG ivanda ivandar
2SG ivanta ivantar
3SG ivandi ivandur
1PL ivandami ivandamaqti
2PL ivandati ivandatau
3PL ivandeer ivandeerur
Optative
Person Active Passive
1SG vindaimi vindajaar
2SG vindaiq vindaitar
3SG vindait vindaitur
1PL vindaimaq vindaimaqti
2PL vindaiti vindaitau
3PL vindajuut vindajuttur
Imperative
Person Active Passive
2SG vindi! vindiqi!
3SG vinditaa! vinditaar!
2PL vinditi! vinditau!
3PL vinduttaa! vinduttaar!
Participles
Tense Active Passive
Present vindattaq vindumuq
Past vandawuq vantuq

Nasal infix present verbs

-eh2- verbs

teepputijaat = he rules

  • present: teepputijaa, tepputijaaq, teepputijaat, teepputijaamaq, teepputijaati, teepputijaat
  • past: iteepputijaaqa, iteepputijaaqta, iteepputijaaqi, iteepputijaangmi, iteepputijaaqti, iteepputijaaqeer

-éye- verbs

taiseet (*doyḱ-éye-ti) = he locates, he pinpoints

  • present: taisijaa, taiseeq, taiseet, taisijaamaq, taiseeti, taisijuut
  • past: itaiseeqa, itaiseeqta, itaiseeqi, itaiseengmi, itaiseeqti, itaiseeqeer

Copula

  • present: ingmi, iqi, iqt, ingmaq, iqti, quut
  • past: iqqa, iqta, iqqi, iqami, iqati, iqqeer

Numerals

  • zero: nuilluq (m.), nuillaa (f.), nuillun (n.)
  • I: ainuq (m.), ainaa (f.), ainun (n.)
  • II: tuwai (animate) tuwaa (inanimate)
  • III: triiq (animate), tria (inanimate)
  • IIII: kituariq (animate), kituara (inanimate)
  • Λ. pikkiq
  • ΛΙ: whiq
  • ΛΙΙ: qiptun
  • ΛΙΙΙ: astaa
  • ΛIIII: niwun
  • Χ: tisun
  • D: pikkitisun
  • O: sattun
  • Q: pikkisattun
  • (1000): tuqsattun
  • Ī (10000): zilliun
  • Ī̄ (1,0000,0000): tussilliun

Numerals percede nouns. As in Estonian, numbers above 1 take the genitive (partitive) singular.

Declension

ainuq declines as a singular -uq adjective; numbers ending in 5-9 or 10 are indeclinable.

tuwaa

  • nom./acc./voc. tuwaa (inanimate), tuwai (animate)
  • gen. tuwuun, tuun
  • dat./abl./loc. tuwaavun (inanimate) tuwaivun (animate)

triiq

  • nom./acc./voc. triiq (animate), tria (inanimate)
  • gen. trijuun
  • dat./abl. triivuq
  • loc. triivi

kituariq

  • nom./acc./voc. kituariq (animate), kituara (inanimate)
  • gen. kituaruun
  • dat./abl. kituaravuq
  • loc. kituaravi

Derivation

  • -isuq = forms adjectives (< -ik'os)
  • Verb prefixes: in-, at-, attir-, pi-, su-, san-, ik(s)-, pir-, qupir-, quu-, ...
    • Ex. from wiitit 'he sees': ikwiitit 'he identifies, he susses out', atwiitit 'he looks at', attirwiitit 'he agrees', suwiitit 'he sees to it (that)'
  • -inuq = agent
  • -inia (from *-nih2) = feminine agent
    • reezinia = queen, from reezaq king
  • -allun (from *-tlóm) = instrument

Sample texts

Schleicher's Fable

Awiq iswaaq-ki

Awiq, jungmai walinaa neen iqqi, iwiti iswuuq, ainun karun waznun tinngattan, ainun-ki mizalun kraaman, ainun-ki zamunan asu virattan. Awiq nuu iswavuq iwaki: "Sartaq anngitur mai, witattii zamunan iswuuq asattan." Iswaaq nuu awii iwakeer: "Asauqee, awi, sartaq anngitur ammai witattavuq situt: Zamaa, teepputiq, ut awijuun walinaat karnit qai girmun wingman. Awii nuu walinaa neen iqt." Awiq nuu situt slauqaawuq in plaanun ivuki.

Hypothetical Roman transcription

AVEH·ISVACCI

AVEH·IVGMÆ·VALINA·NEN·EHHI·IVITI·ISVVH·ÆNVN·CARVN·VAZNVN·TINGATTAN·ÆNVNCI·MIZALVN·CRAMAN·ÆNVNCI·ZAMVNAN·ASV·FIRATTAN