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Qivattutannguaq is a result of Indo-European being influenced by Inuit languages. It was spoken in Qivattulunnun, which is located in our Great Britain. | Qivattutannguaq is a result of Indo-European being influenced by Inuit languages. It was spoken in Qivattulunnun, which is located in our Great Britain. | ||
It was divided into two registers, the high register Qunngartutannguaq ("perfected language") and the vernacular Prisinitutannguaq ("natural language"). | It was divided into two registers, the high register Qunngartutannguaq ("perfected language") and the Estonian-like vernacular Prisinitutannguaq ("natural language"). | ||
*siiman = seed (related to German Keim) | *siiman = seed (related to German Keim) | ||
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''Kiiwuq piksuq wutarit naaksit.'' = The living fish swims in the water. | ''Kiiwuq piksuq wutarit naaksit.'' = The living fish swims in the water. | ||
==Todo== | |||
Include some sound change laws conditioned by PIE glottalization? | |||
==Names== | ==Names== | ||
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Vowels: i u a ii uu ee aa ai au iu ui | Vowels: i u a ii uu ee aa ai au iu ui | ||
Consonants: p v t d s z k g q m n ng l r j | Consonants: p v t d s z k g q m n ng l r j w wh /p v t ð~d s z k ɣ~g χ m n ŋ l r j w ʍ/ | ||
Voiceless stops are unaspirated. | Voiceless stops are unaspirated. | ||
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**''Suwaa iwiti walkun.'' = The dog saw a wolf. | **''Suwaa iwiti walkun.'' = The dog saw a wolf. | ||
**''Suwaa neen iwiti walkaa.'' = The dog did not see a wolf. | **''Suwaa neen iwiti walkaa.'' = The dog did not see a wolf. | ||
*Static locations take the locative. A preposition such as ''in'' or ''at'' is not necessary. | *Static locations take the locative. A preposition such as ''in'' or ''at'' can be used but is not necessary. | ||
*Destinations for prepositions indicating destination like ''in'' 'into', ''at'' 'at' or ''ipi'' 'onto' take the accusative. | *Destinations for prepositions indicating destination like ''in'' 'into', ''at'' 'at' or ''ipi'' 'onto' take the accusative. | ||
*"from a location" generally just takes the ablative, but some contexts require the preposition ''ut''. (such as from a place that is city-sized or larger: ''ut vukaat'' 'from the city', but ''taamiat'' 'from the house') | *"from a location" generally just takes the ablative, but some contexts require the preposition ''ut''. (such as from a place that is city-sized or larger: ''ut vukaat'' 'from the city', but ''taamiat'' 'from the house') | ||
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====o-stems==== | ====o-stems==== | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ '' | |+ ''valkuq'' 'wolf' (< {{recon|wĺ̥kʷos}}; underwent taboo deformation) | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| !! Singular !! Plural | !| !! Singular !! Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|Nominative | !|Nominative | ||
|'' | |''valkuq''||''valkaaq'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|Genitive | !|Genitive | ||
|'' | |''valkaa''||''valkuun'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|Dative | !|Dative | ||
|'' | |''valkai''||''valkavuq'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|Accusative | !|Accusative | ||
|'' | |''valkun'' ||''valkuuq'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|Ablative | !|Ablative | ||
|'' | |''valkiat'' ||''valkavuq'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|Locative | !|Locative | ||
|'' | |''valkiat'' ||''valkavi'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|Vocative | !|Vocative | ||
|'' | |''valki!'' ||''valkaaq!'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ '' | |+ ''wirdun'' 'word' (< {{recon|werdʰh₁om}}) | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| !! Singular !! Plural | !| !! Singular !! Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|Nominative | !|Nominative | ||
|'' | |''wirdun''||''wirdaa'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|Genitive | !|Genitive | ||
|'' | |''wirdaa''||''wirduun'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|Dative | !|Dative | ||
|'' | |''wirdai''||''wirdavuq'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|Accusative | !|Accusative | ||
|'' | |''wirdun'' ||''wirdaa'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|Ablative | !|Ablative | ||
|'' | |''wirdiat'' ||''wirdavuq'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|Locative | !|Locative | ||
|'' | |''wirdiat'' ||''wirdavi'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|Vocative | !|Vocative | ||
|'' | |''wirdi!'' ||''wirdaa!'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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====i-stems==== | ====i-stems==== | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ '' | |+ ''ingniq'' 'fire' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| !! Singular !! Plural | !| !! Singular !! Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|Nominative | !|Nominative | ||
|'' | |''ingniq''||''ingniiq'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|Genitive | !|Genitive | ||
|'' | |''ingniiq''||''ingnuun'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|Dative | !|Dative | ||
|'' | |''ingnii''||''ingnivuq'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|Accusative | !|Accusative | ||
|'' | |''ingnin'' ||''ingniiq'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|Ablative | !|Ablative | ||
|'' | |''ingnit'' ||''ingnivuq'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|Locative | !|Locative | ||
|'' | |''ingnit'' ||''ingnivi'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|Vocative | !|Vocative | ||
|'' | |''ingni!'' ||''ingniiq!'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
Also: '' | Also: ''teepputiq'' 'master'. | ||
Neuter i-stems: | Neuter i-stems: | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!|Genitive | !|Genitive | ||
|'' | |''anuriiq''||''anurijuun'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|Dative | !|Dative | ||
|'' | |''anurii''||''anurivuq'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|Accusative | !|Accusative | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!|Ablative | !|Ablative | ||
|''anurit'' ||'' | |''anurit'' ||''anurivuq'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|Locative | !|Locative | ||
|''anurit'' ||'' | |''anurit'' ||''anurivi'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|Vocative | !|Vocative | ||
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Adjectives fall into three main declensions: -uq adjectives (~ Latin 1st declension adjectives), -iq adjectives (~ Latin 3rd declension adjectives), and -aq adjectives (containing verb participles). | Adjectives fall into three main declensions: -uq adjectives (~ Latin 1st declension adjectives), -iq adjectives (~ Latin 3rd declension adjectives), and -aq adjectives (containing verb participles). | ||
===-uq adjectives=== | ===-uq adjectives=== | ||
*nom: -uq, -aa, -un, pl. -aaq, -aaq, -aa | *nom: -uq, -aa, -un, pl. -aaq, -aaq, -aa | ||
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Some verbs in this class: | Some verbs in this class: | ||
*''vilsit, ivalsi'' = shines | *''vilsit, ivalsi'' = shines | ||
*'' | *''vinnit, ivanni'' = binds | ||
*''siuqit, isuqi'' = tries | *''siuqit, isuqi'' = tries | ||
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! Person !! Active !! Passive | ! Person !! Active !! Passive | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1SG || '' | | 1SG || ''vinnaa'' || ''vinnaar'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 2SG || '' | | 2SG || ''vinniq'' || ''vinnitar'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 3SG || '' | | 3SG || ''vinnit'' || ''vinnitur'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1PL || '' | | 1PL || ''vinnumaq'' || ''vinnumaqti'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 2PL || '' | | 2PL || ''vinniti'' || ''vinnitau'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 3PL || '' | | 3PL || ''vinnuut'' || ''vinnuttur'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="3" | Past | ! colspan="3" | Past | ||
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! Person !! Active !! Passive | ! Person !! Active !! Passive | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1SG || '' | | 1SG || ''ivanna'' || ''ivannar'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 2SG || ''ivanta'' || ''ivantar'' | | 2SG || ''ivanta'' || ''ivantar'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 3SG || '' | | 3SG || ''ivanni'' || ''ivannur'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1PL || '' | | 1PL || ''ivannami'' || ''ivannamaqti'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 2PL || '' | | 2PL || ''ivannati'' || ''ivannatau'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 3PL || '' | | 3PL || ''ivanneer'' || ''ivanneerur'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="3" | Optative | ! colspan="3" | Optative | ||
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! Person !! Active !! Passive | ! Person !! Active !! Passive | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1SG || '' | | 1SG || ''vinnaimi'' || ''vinnajaar'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 2SG || '' | | 2SG || ''vinnaiq'' || ''vinnaitar'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 3SG || '' | | 3SG || ''vinnait'' || ''vinnaitur'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1PL || '' | | 1PL || ''vinnaimaq'' || ''vinnaimaqti'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 2PL || '' | | 2PL || ''vinnaiti'' || ''vinnaitau'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 3PL || '' | | 3PL || ''vinnajuut'' || ''vinnajuttur'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="3" | Imperative | ! colspan="3" | Imperative | ||
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! Person !! Active !! Passive | ! Person !! Active !! Passive | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 2SG || '' | | 2SG || ''vinni!'' || ''vinniqi!'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 3SG || '' | | 3SG || ''vinnitaa!'' || ''vinnitaar!'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 2PL || '' | | 2PL || ''vinniti!'' || ''vinnitau!'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 3PL || '' | | 3PL || ''vinnuttaa!'' || ''vinnuttaar!'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="3" | Participles | ! colspan="3" | Participles | ||
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! Tense !! Active !! Passive | ! Tense !! Active !! Passive | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Present || '' | | Present || ''vinnattaq'' || ''vinnumuq'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Past || '' | | Past || ''vannawuq'' || ''vantuq'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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==Numerals== | ==Numerals== | ||
*zero: nuilluq (m.), nuillaa (f.), nuillun (n.) | |||
*I: ainuq (m.), ainaa (f.), ainun (n.) | *I: ainuq (m.), ainaa (f.), ainun (n.) | ||
*II: | *II: tuwai (animate), tuwaa (inanimate) | ||
*III: triiq ( | *III: triiq (animate), tria (inanimate) | ||
*IIII: kituariq ( | *IIII: kituariq (animate), kituara (inanimate) | ||
*Λ. pikkiq | *Λ. pikkiq | ||
*ΛΙ: | *ΛΙ: whiiq | ||
*ΛΙΙ: qiptun | *ΛΙΙ: qiptun | ||
*ΛΙΙΙ: astaa | *ΛΙΙΙ: astaa | ||
*ΛIIII: niwun | *ΛIIII: niwun | ||
*Χ: tisun | *Χ: tisun | ||
*XI: ainuqupirtisun | |||
*XII: tuuqupirtisun | |||
*XIII: triiqupirtisun | |||
*XIIII: kituarqupirtisun | |||
*XΛ: pikkiqupirtisun | |||
*XΛI: whiiqupirtisun | |||
*XΛII: qiptuqupirtisun | |||
*XΛIII: astaqupirtisun | |||
*XΛIIII: niwuqupirtisun | |||
*XX: tuiqtisun | |||
*XXX: tirtisun | |||
*XXXX: kituartisun | |||
*D: pikkitisun | *D: pikkitisun | ||
*DX: whiiqtisun | |||
*DXX: qiptuttisun | |||
*DXXX: astaatisun | |||
*DXXXX: niwuttisun | |||
*O: sattun | *O: sattun | ||
*Q: pikkisattun | *Q: pikkisattun | ||
* | *M: tuqsattun | ||
*Ī (10000): zilliun | *Ī (10000): zilliun | ||
*Ī̄ (1,0000,0000): tussilliun | *Ī̄ (1,0000,0000): tussilliun | ||
Numerals percede nouns. | Numerals percede nouns. Numbers above 1 take the genitive (partitive) singular. | ||
===Declension=== | ===Declension=== | ||
''ainuq'' declines as a singular ''-uq'' adjective | ''ainuq'' declines as a singular ''-uq'' adjective. ''pikkiq'' and ''whiiq'' decline like -iq adjectives, and ''qiptun'', ''astaa'', ''nivun'' and ''tisun'' decline like neuter nouns. | ||
====''tuwaa''==== | ====''tuwaa''==== | ||
*nom./acc./voc. ''tuwaa'' ( | *nom./acc./voc. ''tuwaa'' (inanimate), ''tuwai'' (animate) | ||
*gen. ''tuun'' | *gen. ''tuwuun, tuun'' | ||
*dat./abl. | *dat./abl. ''tuwaavuq'' (inanimate), ''tuwaivuq'' (animate) | ||
*loc. ''tuwaavi'' (inanimate), ''tuwaivi'' (animate) | |||
===='' | ====''tria''==== | ||
*nom./acc./voc. ''triiq'' ( | *nom./acc./voc. ''triiq'' (animate), ''tria'' (inanimate) | ||
*gen. ''trijuun'' | *gen. ''trijuun'' | ||
*dat./abl. ''triivuq'' | *dat./abl. ''triivuq'' | ||
*loc. ''triivi'' | *loc. ''triivi'' | ||
===='' | |||
*nom./acc./voc. ''kituariq'' ( | ====''kituara''==== | ||
*nom./acc./voc. ''kituariq'' (animate), ''kituara'' (inanimate) | |||
*gen. ''kituaruun'' | *gen. ''kituaruun'' | ||
*dat./abl. '' | *dat./abl. ''kituaravuq'' | ||
*loc. '' | *loc. ''kituaravi'' | ||
==Derivation== | ==Derivation== | ||
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*Verb prefixes: ''in-'', ''at-'', ''attir-'', ''pi-'', ''su-'', ''san-'', ''ik(s)-'', ''pir-'', ''qupir-'', ''quu-'', ... | *Verb prefixes: ''in-'', ''at-'', ''attir-'', ''pi-'', ''su-'', ''san-'', ''ik(s)-'', ''pir-'', ''qupir-'', ''quu-'', ... | ||
**Ex. from ''wiitit'' 'he sees': ''ikwiitit'' 'he identifies, he susses out', ''atwiitit'' 'he looks at', ''attirwiitit'' 'he agrees', ''suwiitit'' 'he sees to it (that)' | **Ex. from ''wiitit'' 'he sees': ''ikwiitit'' 'he identifies, he susses out', ''atwiitit'' 'he looks at', ''attirwiitit'' 'he agrees', ''suwiitit'' 'he sees to it (that)' | ||
*''- | *''-inuq'' = agent | ||
*''-inia'' (from *-nih2) = feminine | *''-inia'' (from *-nih2) = feminine agent | ||
**''reezinia'' = queen, from ''reezaq'' king | |||
*''-allun'' (from *-tlóm) = instrument | *''-allun'' (from *-tlóm) = instrument | ||
Revision as of 00:56, 12 February 2020
Lõis/Qivattutannguaq | |
---|---|
Qivattutannguaq | |
Pronunciation | [/hivatːutaŋːuaχ/] |
Created by | IlL |
Setting | Lõis |
Indo-European
|
Qivattutannguaq (Qivattutannguaq /hivatːutaŋːuaχ/ or Qivattuq tannguaq /hivatːuχ taŋːuaχ/) is an Indo-European language inspired by Greenlandic, Old Persian and Proto-Celtic.
Qivattutannguaq is a result of Indo-European being influenced by Inuit languages. It was spoken in Qivattulunnun, which is located in our Great Britain.
It was divided into two registers, the high register Qunngartutannguaq ("perfected language") and the Estonian-like vernacular Prisinitutannguaq ("natural language").
- siiman = seed (related to German Keim)
- tiutaa = tribe
- teewaq = god
- siuqit < *ǵews-eti = he tries
- suqtuq (< *ǵews-tus) = attempt
- imaq (m) = sea
- iqalugaq (m) = trout
- anuri (n) = storm
- iqariuq = red <- h₁ésh₂ṛ-yos
- talguq = long
- tuattuq (m) = trail <- duh₂-ntos
- arsattuq (m) = silver
- taiseet = he pinpoints, he locates
- ziimaa = winter
- wivuneet (wi-wonh1-eyeti) = he aspires
Kiiwuq piksuq wutarit naaksit. = The living fish swims in the water.
Todo
Include some sound change laws conditioned by PIE glottalization?
Names
Phonology
Qivattutannguaq has a rather small phonology.
Vowels: i u a ii uu ee aa ai au iu ui
Consonants: p v t d s z k g q m n ng l r j w wh /p v t ð~d s z k ɣ~g χ m n ŋ l r j w ʍ/
Voiceless stops are unaspirated.
i u are pronounced [e o] before q.
Diachronics
o > u
RC > aRC
l before voiceless consonants = /ɬ/
nt > tt; nd, ndʰ > nn
Pronouns
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | izaa | ammii |
Genitive | mini | ammaqun |
Dative | mai | ammai |
Accusative | mi | ammi |
Ablative | minit, miit | ammavuq |
Locative | minit, miit | ammavi |
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | tuu | juu |
Genitive | tivi | junngaqun |
Dative | tai | junngai |
Accusative | ti | junngi |
Ablative | tivit, tiit | junngavuq |
Locative | tivit, tiit | junngavi |
- siqu, siqaa, situt = this
- qu, qaa, tut = that
- ju, jaa, jut = which (relative pronoun)
- kiq? kia? kit? = who? what?
Nouns
Functions of the cases
Qivattutannguaq has 6 or 7 cases depending on register.
- The nominative is used for subjects and predicate objects. In Prisinitutannguaq, it is also used for direct objects.
- Dative objects and benefactives use the dative. It is also used for "have", as in Latin.
- The genitive is used for attributive possession and "belongs to" possession. Genitives come befire nouns.
- In Qunngartutannguaq, the direct object of an affirmative verb takes the accusative, and the direct object of a negated verb takes the genitive:
- Suwaa iwiti walkun. = The dog saw a wolf.
- Suwaa neen iwiti walkaa. = The dog did not see a wolf.
- Static locations take the locative. A preposition such as in or at can be used but is not necessary.
- Destinations for prepositions indicating destination like in 'into', at 'at' or ipi 'onto' take the accusative.
- "from a location" generally just takes the ablative, but some contexts require the preposition ut. (such as from a place that is city-sized or larger: ut vukaat 'from the city', but taamiat 'from the house')
- For 'with' (instrumental) su + ablative is used. 'With' (comitative) requires the preposition san + ablative.
- Agents of passive verbs use the ablative.
Thematic
o-stems
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | valkuq | valkaaq |
Genitive | valkaa | valkuun |
Dative | valkai | valkavuq |
Accusative | valkun | valkuuq |
Ablative | valkiat | valkavuq |
Locative | valkiat | valkavi |
Vocative | valki! | valkaaq! |
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | wirdun | wirdaa |
Genitive | wirdaa | wirduun |
Dative | wirdai | wirdavuq |
Accusative | wirdun | wirdaa |
Ablative | wirdiat | wirdavuq |
Locative | wirdiat | wirdavi |
Vocative | wirdi! | wirdaa! |
eh2-stems
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | vukaa | vukaaq |
Genitive | vukaaq | vukuun |
Dative | vukai | vukaavuq |
Accusative | vukaan | vukaaq |
Ablative | vukaat | vukaavuq |
Locative | vukaat | vukaavi |
Vocative | vukaa! | vukaaq! |
u-stems
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | quunuq | quunuwiq |
Genitive | quuniuq | quunuun |
Dative | quuniwi | quunuvuq |
Accusative | quunun | quunuuq |
Ablative | quunut | quunuvuq |
Locative | quunut | quunuvi |
Vocative | quunu! | quunuwiq! |
Also: nauς 'boat, ship'
i-stems
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | ingniq | ingniiq |
Genitive | ingniiq | ingnuun |
Dative | ingnii | ingnivuq |
Accusative | ingnin | ingniiq |
Ablative | ingnit | ingnivuq |
Locative | ingnit | ingnivi |
Vocative | ingni! | ingniiq! |
Also: teepputiq 'master'.
Neuter i-stems:
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | anuri | anuria |
Genitive | anuriiq | anurijuun |
Dative | anurii | anurivuq |
Accusative | anuri | anuria |
Ablative | anurit | anurivuq |
Locative | anurit | anurivi |
Vocative | anuri! | anuria! |
h2-stems
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | imaq | imaaq |
Genitive | imiaq | imuun |
Dative | imai | imavuq |
Accusative | iman | imaaq |
Ablative | imat | imavuq |
Locative | imat | imavi |
Vocative | ima! | imaat! |
n-stems
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | zamaa | zamuniq |
Genitive | zamuuq | zamunuun |
Dative | zamunii | zamunavuq |
Accusative | zamunan | zamunaaq |
Ablative | zamunit | zamunavuq |
Locative | zamunit | zamunavi |
Vocative | zamuni! | zamuniq! |
-mn-nouns
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | numan | numanaa |
Genitive | numaaq | numanuun |
Dative | numanii | numanavuq |
Accusative | numan | numanaa |
Ablative | numanit | numanavuq |
Locative | numanit | numanavi |
Vocative | numan! | numanaa! |
Also: wirman 'time', wingman 'clothes'
Athematic
Example nouns: qaullaq = sun; apalaq = apple
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | reezaq | reeziq |
Genitive | reezaq | reezuun |
Dative | reezii | reezavuq |
Accusative | reezan | reezaaq |
Ablative | reezit | reezavuq |
Locative | reezit | reezavi |
Vocative | rees! | reeziq! |
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | iqalugaq | iqalugiq |
Genitive | iqalugaq | iqaluguun |
Dative | iqalugii | iqalugavuq |
Accusative | iqalugan | iqalugaaq |
Ablative | iqalugit | iqalugavuq |
Locative | iqalugit | iqalugavi |
Vocative | iqaluk! | iqalugiq! |
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | wutar | wutaraa |
Genitive | wutar | wutaruun |
Dative | wutarii | wutaravuq |
Accusative | wutaran | wutaraa |
Ablative | wutarit | wutaravuq |
Locative | wutarit | wutaravi |
Vocative | wutar! | wutaraa! |
pateer-class
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | pateer | patiriq |
Genitive | patriq | patiruun |
Dative | patrii | patiravuq |
Accusative | patran | patiraaq |
Ablative | patrit | patiravuq |
Locative | patrit | patiravi |
Vocative | patir! | patiriq! |
Declined similarly: pateer, maateer, vraateer, whiqaar, dukateer = father, mother, brother, sister, daughter
Adjectives
Adjectives fall into three main declensions: -uq adjectives (~ Latin 1st declension adjectives), -iq adjectives (~ Latin 3rd declension adjectives), and -aq adjectives (containing verb participles).
-uq adjectives
- nom: -uq, -aa, -un, pl. -aaq, -aaq, -aa
-iq adjectives
- nom. -iq, -iq, -i; pl. -iiq, -iiq, -ia
-aq adjectives
Prepositions
- su = w/ abl.: with (instrumental)
- san = w/ abl.: with (comitative)
- viz = w/ gen.: without
- in
- w/ acc.: into
- w/ loc.: inside
- at = at
- w/ acc.: towards; at
- attir =
- w/ loc.: between,
- w/ acc.: against
- ut = w/ abl.: out of
- ipi
- w/ acc.: onto
- w/ loc.: on
Verbs
Qivattutannguaq verbs have only three tenses: present, past, and optative.
Athematic
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
1 | tituami | titumaq |
2 | tituaq | tituti |
3 | tituat | tituut |
e/o-thematic
These verbs often take the past form from PIE root aorists.
Some verbs in this class:
- vilsit, ivalsi = shines
- vinnit, ivanni = binds
- siuqit, isuqi = tries
Present | ||
---|---|---|
Person | Active | Passive |
1SG | vinnaa | vinnaar |
2SG | vinniq | vinnitar |
3SG | vinnit | vinnitur |
1PL | vinnumaq | vinnumaqti |
2PL | vinniti | vinnitau |
3PL | vinnuut | vinnuttur |
Past | ||
Person | Active | Passive |
1SG | ivanna | ivannar |
2SG | ivanta | ivantar |
3SG | ivanni | ivannur |
1PL | ivannami | ivannamaqti |
2PL | ivannati | ivannatau |
3PL | ivanneer | ivanneerur |
Optative | ||
Person | Active | Passive |
1SG | vinnaimi | vinnajaar |
2SG | vinnaiq | vinnaitar |
3SG | vinnait | vinnaitur |
1PL | vinnaimaq | vinnaimaqti |
2PL | vinnaiti | vinnaitau |
3PL | vinnajuut | vinnajuttur |
Imperative | ||
Person | Active | Passive |
2SG | vinni! | vinniqi! |
3SG | vinnitaa! | vinnitaar! |
2PL | vinniti! | vinnitau! |
3PL | vinnuttaa! | vinnuttaar! |
Participles | ||
Tense | Active | Passive |
Present | vinnattaq | vinnumuq |
Past | vannawuq | vantuq |
Nasal infix present verbs
-eh2- verbs
teepputijaat = he rules
- present: teepputijaa, tepputijaaq, teepputijaat, teepputijaamaq, teepputijaati, teepputijaat
- past: iteepputijaaqa, iteepputijaaqta, iteepputijaaqi, iteepputijaangmi, iteepputijaaqti, iteepputijaaqeer
-éye- verbs
taiseet (*doyḱ-éye-ti) = he locates, he pinpoints
- present: taisijaa, taiseeq, taiseet, taisijaamaq, taiseeti, taisijuut
- past: itaiseeqa, itaiseeqta, itaiseeqi, itaiseengmi, itaiseeqti, itaiseeqeer
Copula
- present: ingmi, iqi, iqt, ingmaq, iqti, quut
- past: iqqa, iqta, iqqi, iqami, iqati, iqqeer
Numerals
- zero: nuilluq (m.), nuillaa (f.), nuillun (n.)
- I: ainuq (m.), ainaa (f.), ainun (n.)
- II: tuwai (animate), tuwaa (inanimate)
- III: triiq (animate), tria (inanimate)
- IIII: kituariq (animate), kituara (inanimate)
- Λ. pikkiq
- ΛΙ: whiiq
- ΛΙΙ: qiptun
- ΛΙΙΙ: astaa
- ΛIIII: niwun
- Χ: tisun
- XI: ainuqupirtisun
- XII: tuuqupirtisun
- XIII: triiqupirtisun
- XIIII: kituarqupirtisun
- XΛ: pikkiqupirtisun
- XΛI: whiiqupirtisun
- XΛII: qiptuqupirtisun
- XΛIII: astaqupirtisun
- XΛIIII: niwuqupirtisun
- XX: tuiqtisun
- XXX: tirtisun
- XXXX: kituartisun
- D: pikkitisun
- DX: whiiqtisun
- DXX: qiptuttisun
- DXXX: astaatisun
- DXXXX: niwuttisun
- O: sattun
- Q: pikkisattun
- M: tuqsattun
- Ī (10000): zilliun
- Ī̄ (1,0000,0000): tussilliun
Numerals percede nouns. Numbers above 1 take the genitive (partitive) singular.
Declension
ainuq declines as a singular -uq adjective. pikkiq and whiiq decline like -iq adjectives, and qiptun, astaa, nivun and tisun decline like neuter nouns.
tuwaa
- nom./acc./voc. tuwaa (inanimate), tuwai (animate)
- gen. tuwuun, tuun
- dat./abl. tuwaavuq (inanimate), tuwaivuq (animate)
- loc. tuwaavi (inanimate), tuwaivi (animate)
tria
- nom./acc./voc. triiq (animate), tria (inanimate)
- gen. trijuun
- dat./abl. triivuq
- loc. triivi
kituara
- nom./acc./voc. kituariq (animate), kituara (inanimate)
- gen. kituaruun
- dat./abl. kituaravuq
- loc. kituaravi
Derivation
- -isuq = forms adjectives (< -ik'os)
- Verb prefixes: in-, at-, attir-, pi-, su-, san-, ik(s)-, pir-, qupir-, quu-, ...
- Ex. from wiitit 'he sees': ikwiitit 'he identifies, he susses out', atwiitit 'he looks at', attirwiitit 'he agrees', suwiitit 'he sees to it (that)'
- -inuq = agent
- -inia (from *-nih2) = feminine agent
- reezinia = queen, from reezaq king
- -allun (from *-tlóm) = instrument
Sample texts
Schleicher's Fable
Awiq iswaaq-ki
Awiq, jungmai walinaa neen iqqi, iwiti iswuuq, ainun karun waznun tinngattan, ainun-ki mizalun kraaman, ainun-ki zamunan asu virattan. Awiq nuu iswavuq iwaki: "Sartaq anngitur mai, witattii zamunan iswuuq asattan." Iswaaq nuu awii iwakeer: "Asauqee, awi, sartaq anngitur ammai witattavuq situt: Zamaa, teepputiq, ut awijuun walinaat karnit qai girmun wingman. Awii nuu walinaa neen iqt." Awiq nuu situt slauqaawuq in plaanun ivuki.
Hypothetical Roman transcription
AVEH·ISVACCI
AVEH·IVGMÆ·VALINA·NEN·EHHI·IVITI·ISVVH·ÆNVN·CARVN·VAZNVN·TINGATTAN·ÆNVNCI·MIZALVN·CRAMAN·ÆNVNCI·ZAMVNAN·ASV·FIRATTAN