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Idavic languages: Difference between revisions
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| name = Idavic | | name = Idavic | ||
| familycolor = dodellic | | familycolor = dodellic | ||
| family = One of Tricin's primary language families | | family = One of [[Tricin]]'s primary language families | ||
| protoname = Proto-Idavic (PId) | | protoname = Proto-Idavic (PId) | ||
}} | }} | ||
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==Family tree== | ==Family tree== | ||
*Idavic | *Idavic | ||
** A language with Uralic grammar | |||
**Netagic (the only tricons branch) | **Netagic (the only tricons branch) | ||
***[[Netagin]] (Optimized for piyyutim) | ***[[Netagin]] (Optimized for piyyutim) | ||
** | ** Hmoob-like language | ||
** [[Whitmer]] | |||
** [[Pategian]] | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
=== Consonants === | === Consonants === | ||
Proto-Idavic had about | Proto-Idavic had about 28 consonants and had a distinction between front and back coronals and front and back velars. | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 500px; " | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 500px; " | ||
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! |Back coronal | ! |Back coronal | ||
! |Front velar | ! |Front velar | ||
! |Labiovelar | |||
! |Back velar | ! |Back velar | ||
! |Glottal | ! |Glottal | ||
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| |'''m''' /m/ | | |'''m''' /m/ | ||
|colspan=2|'''n''' /n̪~n̠/ | |colspan=2|'''n''' /n̪~n̠/ | ||
|colspan= | |colspan=3|'''ŋ''' /ɲ~ŋ/ | ||
| | | | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|'''ť''' /t̠/ | |'''ť''' /t̠/ | ||
|'''ḱ''' /k̟/ | |'''ḱ''' /k̟/ | ||
|'''k{{lab}}''' /k{{lab}}/ | |||
|'''k''' /k̠/ | |'''k''' /k̠/ | ||
|'''ʔ''' /ʔ/ | |'''ʔ''' /ʔ/ | ||
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|'''ď''' /d̠/ | |'''ď''' /d̠/ | ||
|'''ǵ''' /g̟/ | |'''ǵ''' /g̟/ | ||
|'''g{{lab}}''' /g{{lab}}/ | |||
|'''g''' /g̠/ | |'''g''' /g̠/ | ||
| | | | ||
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|'''š''' /s̠/ | |'''š''' /s̠/ | ||
|'''x́''' /x̟/ | |'''x́''' /x̟/ | ||
|'''x{{lab}}''' /x{{lab}}/ | |||
|'''x''' /x̠/ | |'''x''' /x̠/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" |Affricate | ! colspan="2" |Affricate | ||
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|'''c''' /t̪s̟/ | |'''c''' /t̪s̟/ | ||
|'''č''' /t̠s̠/ | |'''č''' /t̠s̠/ | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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| '''y''' /j/ | | '''y''' /j/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
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===Suprasegmentals === | ===Suprasegmentals === | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
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Intransitive and transitive forms turn into agent-oriented vs patient oriented in Netagin; most other Idavic languages retain only one of the intransitive and transitive forms. | Intransitive and transitive forms turn into agent-oriented vs patient oriented in Netagin; most other Idavic languages retain only one of the intransitive and transitive forms. | ||
Proto-Idavic had only one true preposition, ''*mi''. Other meanings expressed with prepositions in English were indicated with verbs. | |||
=== Pronouns === | === Pronouns === | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Alienable | ! Alienable | ||
| ''*le-'' || ''*be-'' || ''*ʔin-'' || ''*će-'' || ''* | | ''*le-'' || ''*be-'' || ''*ʔin-'' || ''*će-'' || ''*neś-'' || ''*ʔeś-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Inalienable | ! Inalienable | ||
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! colspan=2| decl. A | ! colspan=2| decl. A | ||
! colspan=2| decl. B | ! colspan=2| decl. B | ||
! colspan=2| decl. D | ! colspan=2| decl. D | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
!singular | !singular | ||
!plural | !plural | ||
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|''lēti'' ||''lētāla'' | |''lēti'' ||''lētāla'' | ||
|''{{aleph}}istel'''eḱi''''' ||''{{aleph}}istel'''ahaḱi''''' | |''{{aleph}}istel'''eḱi''''' ||''{{aleph}}istel'''ahaḱi''''' | ||
||''-īni''||''-ijē'' | ||''-īni''||''-ijē'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|''lēta-'' ||''lētā-'' | |''lēta-'' ||''lētā-'' | ||
|''{{aleph}}istel'''eḱa-''''' ||''{{aleph}}istel'''ahaḱa-''''' | |''{{aleph}}istel'''eḱa-''''' ||''{{aleph}}istel'''ahaḱa-''''' | ||
||''-''||''-'' | ||''-''||''-'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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| ''*1aš2e3'' || ''*-1aš2u3'' || ''*-1išin2o3'' || ''*1aš2ā3'' || ''*1aš2ē3i'' | | ''*1aš2e3'' || ''*-1aš2u3'' || ''*-1išin2o3'' || ''*1aš2ā3'' || ''*1aš2ē3i'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! ʔ-infix stem | ||
| ''* | | ''*1aʔ2e3'' || ''*-1aʔ2u3'' || ''*-1iʔin2i3'' || ''*1aʔ2ā3'' || ''*te1aʔ2e3i'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2-redup | ! 2-redup | ||
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| ''*1i31a2e3'' || ''*-1i3a12u3'' || ''*-1i31in2u3'' || ''*1i31a2ā3'' || ''*1i31a2ē3'' | | ''*1i31a2e3'' || ''*-1i3a12u3'' || ''*-1i31in2u3'' || ''*1i31a2ā3'' || ''*1i31a2ē3'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Derivation=== | |||
* Noun patterns: ''1a23, 1i23, 1u23, 1a22ū3, 1a2a3, 1a2i2, 1a2u3, ŋa12ū3, 1ā2a3, 1ī2a3, 1ī2ī3, 1ī2ū3'' | |||
* ''1aʔ2ū3'' = adjective relating to personal qualities | |||
*''ʔe12ā3'' = agent noun | |||
*''1iʔ2i3'' = resultatives | |||
*''1aʔ2e3'' = tendency/quality of X | |||
*''1iʔ2a3'' = degree/measure | |||
*''-ām'' = augmentative (source of -om in Naeng and Eevo) | |||
*''-ān'' = abstract noun, collective | |||
*''1a2ī3'' = quality adjective | |||
*''1u2a3'' = resultative adjective | |||
*''1e2ā3'' = event | |||
*''śi12ū3'' = event | |||
*''tawa12a3'' | |||
*''śi12a3/śi12i3'' = instrument | |||
*''wa12ē3/wa12ī3'' = profession | |||
*''ti12a3/ti12e3'' = process | |||
*''wa12ū3'' = patient noun | |||
*''wa12ā3'' = resultative noun | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||