Idavic languages/Swadesh
The following is a comparative Swadesh list for Proto-Idavic and selected Idavic languages.
1-19 |
English | Proto-Idavic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | *-l, *li- | swil | hál | |||
| 2 | thou | *-d, *di- | swid (a); swidi (h) | hazj | |||
| 3 | he; she; it | fin (a); fer (h) | bbil (a) | ||||
| 4 | we | *-kʷa, kʷi- | sowh (ex); swiv (in) | háliŋ | |||
| 5 | you | *-nidi | swínid | hazjiŋ | |||
| 6 | they | fikh | bbilúr (a) | ||||
| 7 | this | *n | ain | a-, al (animate), afus (inanimate) | |||
| 8 | that | *p | aif | near 2: bbi-, bbil (animate), bbifus (inanimate); distal: rra-, rral, rrafus | |||
| 9 | here | ató | |||||
| 10 | there | rădun fi, dunfi | mif | bbitó (near 2); rrató (distal) | |||
| 11 | who | ssal | |||||
| 12 | what | which/what kind of X: tjivérr, which of two: hékumm | |||||
| 13 | where | tjitó | |||||
| 14 | when | tjihni | |||||
| 15 | how | tjivérraff | |||||
| 16 | not | rí- | |||||
| 17 | all | ħérkhū | kkúff | ||||
| 18 | many | imHe | mea | imee | énvah | ||
| 19 | some | toj | nnahah | ||||
20-39 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
| 20 | few | hanib | ussíyah | ||||
| 21 | other | nătha | am | mudu | |||
| 22 | one | laath | |||||
| 23 | two | ||||||
| 24 | three | ||||||
| 25 | four | ||||||
| 26 | five | ||||||
| 27 | big | šir | șir | khir | bballkkah | ||
| 28 | long | vvíyah | |||||
| 29 | wide | llahmah | |||||
| 30 | thick | xxisjtjah | |||||
| 31 | heavy | agleHp | clef (expected cleaf, influenced by glep 'wide') | akheef | návvah | ||
| 32 | small | aHdaj | doy | zjuwah | |||
| 33 | short | ŋäj | ngay | ésarah | |||
| 34 | narrow | aclus | tslüs | ivvannah | |||
| 35 | thin | sret | sreth | khet | hŋéyah | ||
| 36 | woman | djuŋŋ | |||||
| 37 | man (male) |
zzít | |||||
| 38 | person | llósj | |||||
| 39 | child (a youth) |
akHat | chäth | akaad | rakku | ||
40-59 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
| 40 | wife | vvúltja | |||||
| 41 | husband | yalí | |||||
| 42 | mother | sjumma | |||||
| 43 | father | ep | ev | sjudda | |||
| 44 | animal | kkalltt | |||||
| 45 | fish | tap | thof | rab | óra | ||
| 46 | bird | rHuk | rüech | híŋ | |||
| 47 | dog | atäw | thaw | arav | nuhl | ||
| 48 | louse | cid | tsit | haré | |||
| 49 | snake | Hlir | lier | ddúf | |||
| 50 | worm | ogiŋ | ging | éllssa | |||
| 51 | tree | ipsuš | spüș | sjayf | |||
| 52 | forest | usskk | |||||
| 53 | stick (of wood) |
bi-tän | păthan | ŋadji | |||
| 54 | fruit | fédd | |||||
| 55 | seed | yaxxá | |||||
| 56 | leaf | egnol | cnul | dawrr | |||
| 57 | root | qäpand | ăfod | rróŋgi | |||
| 58 | bark (of tree) |
eglest | cleath | hllandj | |||
| 59 | flower | jär | yar | xar | yär | áll | |
60-79 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
| 60 | grass | nrpät | năfrath | hédj | |||
| 61 | rope | besel | păsel | ggarru | |||
| 62 | skin (of a person) |
minew | mănew | allab | |||
| 63 | meat (as in flesh) |
raŋŋa | |||||
| 64 | blood | abreH | prea | vésji | |||
| 65 | bone | ṇwok | ăwoch | tjín | |||
| 66 | fat (noun) |
šuŋ | șüng | hunvi | |||
| 67 | egg | agrit | crith | kké | |||
| 68 | horn | mbräž | bräy | ||||
| 69 | tail | beniH | pănie | ||||
| 70 | feather (rather not down) |
npsŋä | spănga | ||||
| 71 | hair | ipnäw | fnaw | ||||
| 72 | head | ŋHu | ngüe | ||||
| 73 | ear | aspHel | speal | ||||
| 74 | eye | ṃbit | bith | ||||
| 75 | nose | gṛqi | cră'i | ||||
| 76 | mouth | ŋswak | swach | twag | |||
| 77 | tooth (rather not molar) |
ḷkoś | gloł | ||||
| 78 | tongue | edrok | troch | ||||
| 79 | fingernail | śṇdiH | łădie | ||||
80-99 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
| 80 | foot | rsob | srup | ||||
| 81 | leg | wämp | wab | ||||
| 82 | knee | muHd? mudH | müt | ||||
| 83 | hand | lpen | flen | ||||
| 84 | wing | ktsaHol | chtsual | ||||
| 85 | belly | msaH | smä | ||||
| 86 | guts | lboH | blua | ||||
| 87 | neck | qnel | nel | ||||
| 88 | back | tome | thăme | ||||
| 89 | breast | ||||||
| 90 | heart | Hros? roz? | ruas | ||||
| 91 | liver | tsaHläw | tsălaw | ||||
| 92 | to drink | ŋxur | hür | roob | |||
| 93 | to eat | crin | tsrin | ||||
| 94 | to bite | lișcoł | |||||
| 95 | to suck | mej | mey | ||||
| 96 | to spit | mbarH | boar | ||||
| 97 | to vomit | glHus | clües | ||||
| 98 | to blow (as wind) |
ksät | scath | khoo | |||
| 99 | to breathe | tsäś | tsał | ||||
100-119 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
| 100 | to laugh | täpi | tăfi | ||||
| 101 | to see | dHož | tuay | ||||
| 102 | to hear | ||||||
| 103 | to know (a fact) |
aHdä, nsär | da, mot mi snar | ||||
| 104 | to think | greH | crea | ||||
| 105 | to smell (sense odor) |
srua | |||||
| 106 | to fear | ponäk | mot mi fănach | ||||
| 107 | to sleep | nmHeg | tmeac | ||||
| 108 | to live | mărit | faay | ||||
| 109 | to die | ṛ-tkä | răchta | ||||
| 110 | to kill | šegi | șămci | ||||
| 111 | to fight | bago | pgu | ||||
| 112 | to hunt (transitive) |
arkaj | răchoy | ||||
| 113 | to hit | xśer | łer | ||||
| 114 | to cut | Hlen | lean | ||||
| 115 | to split | tomo | thămu | ||||
| 116 | to stab (or stick) |
jäst | yäth | ||||
| 117 | to scratch (an itch) |
qodar | ător | ||||
| 118 | to dig | modil | mătil | ||||
| 119 | to swim | śämäj | łămay | ||||
120-139 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
| 120 | to fly | xlot | lut | ||||
| 121 | to walk | qseHp | seaf | ||||
| 122 | to come | rdel | drel | ||||
| 123 | to lie (as on one's side) |
xdal | tol | ||||
| 124 | to sit | Hdor | dur | ||||
| 125 | to stand | Hbläŋ | plang | ||||
| 126 | to turn (change direction) |
gmäc | crămats | ||||
| 127 | to fall (as in drop) |
śobäw | łăpaw | ||||
| 128 | to give | ruH | rüe | ||||
| 129 | to hold (in one's hand) |
gwiś | cwił | ||||
| 130 | to squeeze | pHliq | flie | ||||
| 131 | to rub | tonenH | thăned | ||||
| 132 | to wash | druq | tișrü | ||||
| 133 | to wipe | ʔiHt | ieth | ||||
| 134 | to pull | śkaw | scaw | ||||
| 135 | to push | Htśaj | tsoy | ||||
| 136 | to throw | tikin | tăchin | ||||
| 137 | to tie | meret | măreth | ||||
| 138 | to sew | kleH | clea | ||||
| 139 | to count | qnoŋ | nung | ||||
140-159 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
| 140 | to say | xŋil | ngil | ||||
| 141 | to sing | ngichnur | |||||
| 142 | to play | dmos | tmus | ||||
| 143 | to float | qexp | eaf | ||||
| 144 | to flow | Hsmin | smin | ||||
| 145 | to freeze | qerbHa | răbo | ||||
| 146 | to swell | ŋnoš | cnuș | ||||
| 147 | sun | nHit | nieth | niid | |||
| 148 | moon | känd | chad | wereg | |||
| 149 | star | askiH | scie | askii |
ekiđđe | ||
| 150 | water | lban | blon | aabon | |||
| 151 | rain | drmaž | trămäy | ||||
| 152 | river | ayak | yoch | ||||
| 153 | lake | păträng (perhaps not reconstructible back to PLak) | |||||
| 154 | sea (as in ocean) |
lkem | chlem | ||||
| 155 | salt | murot | măruth | ||||
| 156 | stone | ketin | căthin | ||||
| 157 | sand | tipis | tăfis | ||||
| 158 | dust | qwimp | wib | ||||
| 159 | earth (as in soil) |
isnuh | snüe | ||||
160-179 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
| 160 | cloud | ||||||
| 161 | fog | ||||||
| 162 | sky | häms | häm | ham | |||
| 163 | wind (as in breeze) |
păłoa | |||||
| 164 | snow | măchup | mokub | ||||
| 165 | ice | tonäm | thănam | ronam | |||
| 166 | smoke | ||||||
| 167 | fire | säH | sä | ||||
| 168 | ashes | ||||||
| 169 | to burn (intransitive) |
||||||
| 170 | road | ||||||
| 171 | mountain | ||||||
| 172 | red | ||||||
| 173 | green | ||||||
| 174 | yellow | ||||||
| 175 | white | ||||||
| 176 | black | ||||||
| 177 | night | ||||||
| 178 | day (daytime) |
fnüd | enfa | ||||
| 179 | year | lă'och | |||||
180-199 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
| 180 | warm (as in weather) |
||||||
| 181 | cold (as in weather) |
||||||
| 182 | full | ||||||
| 183 | new | ||||||
| 184 | old | ||||||
| 185 | good | ||||||
| 186 | bad | ||||||
| 187 | rotten (as, a log) |
||||||
| 188 | dirty | ||||||
| 189 | straight | ||||||
| 190 | round | ||||||
| 191 | sharp (as a knife) |
||||||
| 192 | dull (as a knife) |
||||||
| 193 | smooth | ||||||
| 194 | wet | ||||||
| 195 | dry (adjective) |
||||||
| 196 | right (correct) |
||||||
| 197 | near | ||||||
| 198 | far | ||||||
| 199 | right (side) |
||||||
200-207 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Shalaian | Varkun | Netagin | Beron | Sésjallese |
| 200 | left (side) |
||||||
| 201 | at | ||||||
| 202 | in | ||||||
| 203 | with (accompanying) |
||||||
| 204 | and | ||||||
| 205 | if | ||||||
| 206 | because | ||||||
| 207 | name | kom | chum | kom | kom |
|wrd068=aki |wrd069=ffúra |wrd070=llayind |wrd071=yósj |wrd072=ssttána |wrd073=hóy |wrd074=nill |wrd075=téha |wrd076=istu |wrd077=sawdj |wrd078=bbúda |wrd079=haski |wrd080=annddal |wrd081=lénd |wrd082=rraxtj |wrd083=bbár |wrd084=tallss |wrd085=bré |wrd086=ŋŋúli |wrd087=zzán |wrd088=mazar |wrd089=ŋihni |wrd090=hallan |wrd091=rruhar |wrd092=slayah |wrd093=kanah |wrd094=ŋíffah |wrd095=yakkah |wrd096=ttéyah |wrd097=axxttah |wrd098=hrrágah |wrd099=yiŋufah |wrd100=hizrah |wrd101=ímah |wrd102=fissttah |wrd103=vvandah |wrd104=hmáyah |wrd105=ussíyah |wrd106=X-TOPIC Y-NOM kkammayah ( = X fears Y) |wrd107=kkúyah |wrd108=lawrah |wrd109=sjtjíŋah |wrd110=hnéddah |wrd111=nóŋah |wrd112=sjagrah |wrd113=zjikkah |wrd114=xxúsjah |wrd115=ssŋŋóhah |wrd116=rráxxah |wrd117=xxózjah |wrd118=dabbah |wrd119=bbllaxah |wrd120=vrínnah |wrd121=huvvah |wrd122=hribah |wrd123=ggíyah (lie down) |wrd124=ihnah (sit down) |wrd125=ŋúlah (stand up) |wrd126=ayfah |wrd127=zjúzjah |wrd128=ttuggah |wrd129=gníffah |wrd130=ssrruwah |wrd131=spówah |wrd132=nihrah |wrd133=sséyah |wrd134=xrahah |wrd135=véllah |wrd136=ttnnáyah |wrd137=ffrrítjah |wrd138=mallggah |wrd139=nnówah |wrd140=sjixxah |wrd141=xxunnddafah |wrd142=dahllah |wrd143=zjínayah |wrd144=ssaŋŋah |wrd145=yuŋkah |wrd146=palah |wrd147=pass |wrd148=kalda |wrd149=wihnu |wrd150=rrá |wrd151=zérr |wrd152=briyaŋ |wrd153=hédja |wrd154=laxxatt |wrd155=yawkk |wrd156=hŋŋáy |wrd157=ŋlimé |wrd158=djanu |wrd159=vvóll |wrd160=skúdj |wrd161=hullál |wrd162=lóppu |wrd163=djukkarr |wrd164=zaŋŋkk |wrd165=ddól |wrd166=tlór |wrd167=nnay |wrd168=ttága |wrd169=léssah |wrd170=zuhl |wrd171=umm |wrd172=ppawah |wrd173=waygah |wrd174=vvrrúwah |wrd175=éttayah |wrd176=yuŋgah |wrd177=ssrrí |wrd178=zjóll |wrd179=lahi |wrd180=iriyah |wrd181=hunnah |wrd182=zzrrukkuwah |wrd183=wópiyah |wrd184=sskkúhah |wrd185=ŋŋussah |wrd186=óffah |wrd187=ttúkuwah |wrd188=hrruzzuwah |wrd189=ambéyah |wrd190=flaŋŋah |wrd191=wésjah |wrd192=yuffrrah |wrd193=vvílsjah |wrd194=lákkah |wrd195=bálah |wrd196=waluwah |wrd197=émmah |wrd198=ddussnnah |wrd199=zammu |wrd200=óttu |wrd201=-(i)ha, -ih |wrd202=-arr ffáyih(a) |wrd203=-tju (nouns), -ínih (clauses) |wrd204=-tju, -tju tnáxa |wrd205=-uxxí |wrd206=-ázz |wrd207=husj }}