Linguifex

Ilithian: Difference between revisions

Page Discussion

Ilithian (view source)

Revision as of 01:43, 27 March 2024

715 bytes added ,  27 March
m
no edit summary
mNo edit summary
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
mNo edit summary
 
(153 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{list subpages}}
'''Ilithian''' (''gľauďhišká dažwá'' /ˈʝʎou̯ɟʱɪʃkaː ˈdaʒvaː/) is a classical IE language in [[Verse:Avišvijá]], inspired by Czech, Sanskrit, Greek, and Proto-Celtic. It shares satemization and the ruki law with Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic.
{{Infobox language
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|image =
|setting = [[Verse:Unbegotten]]
|nativename = jľoudhišká dažvá
|pronunciation =
|region =
|states =
|speakers =
|date =
|familycolor=Indo-European
|fam1=Indo-European
|script={{PAGENAME}} script
}}


'''Ilithian''' /ɪ'lɪθiən/ (''jľoudhišká dažvá'') is a classical language in Russia and Central Asia in [[Verse:Unbegotten]], spoken by the Ilithians (referred to as Ἰλείθοι ''Ileíthoi'' in Ancient Greek sources; the Greek name was borrowed into Latin as ''Ilīthī''). It is inspired by Czech, Sanskrit and Proto-Celtic.
Lots of compounding as in Sanskrit; sandhi?
 
As an ancient IE language, Ilithian is highly inflected and retains many archaic features (while being fairly innovative in other ways). It is close to both Greek and Indo-Iranian but shares many features with Balto-Slavic.
 
[[Zauhi]] is a descendant.
 
gájati = to sing
 
vrýž = king
 
lígma (leyg-mn) = game
 
Jsužen = name cognate to Eugene, Owen (> Siżan)
 
šu = with
 
rkš = bear


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
Line 44: Line 13:
|
|
| '''ň, ni''' /ɲ/
| '''ň, ni''' /ɲ/
| [ŋ]
| '''ŋ''' /ŋ/
|
|
|-
|-
Line 52: Line 21:
| '''t''' /t/
| '''t''' /t/
| '''č''' /tʃ/
| '''č''' /tʃ/
| '''ť, ti''' /c/
| '''ť''' /c/
| '''k''' /k/  
| '''k''' /k/  
|
|
Line 60: Line 29:
| '''d''' /d/
| '''d''' /d/
| '''dž''' /dʒ/
| '''dž''' /dʒ/
| '''ď, di''' /ɟ/
| '''ď''' /ɟ/
| '''g''' /g/
|  
|
|
|-
|-
Line 80: Line 49:
!<small>voiced</small>
!<small>voiced</small>
| '''v''' /v/
| '''v''' /v/
| || '''ž''' /ʒ/ || '''j''' /j~ʝ/ ||  || '''h''' /ɦ/
| || '''ž''' /ʒ/ || '''g''' /j~ʝ/ ||  || '''h''' /ɦ/
|-
|-
!colspan="2"| Liquid
!colspan="2"| Liquid
Line 86: Line 55:
| '''l''' /l/, '''r''' /r/
| '''l''' /l/, '''r''' /r/
| '''ř''' /(Czech ř)/
| '''ř''' /(Czech ř)/
| '''ľ, li''' /ʎ/
| '''ľ''' /ʎ/
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 93: Line 62:
Consonants: identical to Czech (add ľ bh dh džh ďh, but h < gh), but j = [ʝ~ç]. No Auslautverhärtung.
Consonants: identical to Czech (add ľ bh dh džh ďh, but h < gh), but j = [ʝ~ç]. No Auslautverhärtung.


d dh t n l + i í pronounced as if written ď ďh ť ň ľ + i í; ý is non-palatalizing í
Vowels: a e i u á é j ú ů eg au ág áu, acute = long vowel (u, ú, ů, ou, áu = u, ʉː, uː, ɔw, aːw), l ĺ r ŕ = syllabic liquids


Vowels: a e i u á é í/ý ú ů ej ou áj áu, acute = long vowel (u, ú, ů, ou, áu = ɯ, ɯː, uː, ɔw, aːw), l ĺ r ŕ = syllabic liquids
PIE oey > eg
 
PIE oey, ōy > ej


Pitch accent: Proto-Slavic style?
Pitch accent: Proto-Slavic style?
Line 107: Line 74:
ē, eh1 > ý, iH > í
ē, eh1 > ý, iH > í


all é > ý in the "Prakrit", ý from older long e causes "second palatalization", ý from Ilithian é causes "third palatalization"
all é > ý in the "Prakrit", ý from older long e causes "second palatalization", ý from Classical Ilithian é causes "third palatalization"


mýs, mýnes- 'month'
mjs, mjnes- 'month'


ja > je?
ja > je?
=== Iotation ===
=== Iotation ===
k g h t d dh p b bh v m n l r s > č dž džh ť ď ďh pj bj bhj vj mň(+no CL) ň ľ ř š
k g h t d dh p b bh v m n l r s > CL+č CL+dž CL+džh CL+ť CL+ď CL+ďh pg bg bhg wg mň CL+ň CL+ľ CL+ř CL+š


This occurs after laryngeals vocalize. Iotation causes compensatory lengthening: ''*bʰh₂nyoh₂'' 'I shine' > ''*bʰanjō'' > ''*bʰāňōə'' > CIlith ''bháňů'' 'I show'.
This occurs after laryngeals vocalize. Sometimes iotation causes compensatory lengthening ("CL") of the vowel before the iotated consonant: ''*bʰh₂nyoh₂'' 'I shine' > ''*bʰanjō'' > ''*bʰāňō'' > CIlith ''bháňů'' 'I explain, I state'.


==Nouns==
==Nouns==
Line 144: Line 111:
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''vrkaš''|| ''vrkou'' ||''vrkou''
|''vrkaš''|| ''vrkáu'' ||''vrkou''
|''loušnech''|| ''loušnou'' ||''loušnou''
|''loušnech''|| ''loušnáu'' ||''loušnou''
|''důraš''|| ''důrou'' ||''důrou''
|''důraš''|| ''důráu'' ||''důrou''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
Line 169: Line 136:
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|''vrké'' || ''vrkou'' ||''vrkéš''
|''vrké'' || ''vrkáu'' ||''vrkéš''
|''loušné''||''loušnou''  ||''loušnáš''
|''loušné''||''loušnáu''  ||''loušnáš''
|''důré'' || ''důrou'' ||''důréš''
|''důré'' || ''důráu'' ||''důréš''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
Line 204: Line 171:
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''agňéš'' || ''agňou''  ||''agňou''
|''agňéš'' || ''agňáu''  ||''agňou''
|''matěch'' || ''maťou'' ||''maťou''
|''matěch'' || ''maťáu'' ||''maťou''
|''mařéš'' || ''mařou'' ||''mařou''
|''mařéš'' || ''mařáu'' ||''mařou''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
Line 215: Line 182:
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|''agni'' || ''agňů'' ||''agních''
|''agni'' || ''agňů'' ||''agních''
|''mati'' || ''maťé'' || ''matěch''
|''mati'' || ''maťé'' || ''matích''
|''mař'' || ''mařé'' ||''maří''
|''mař'' || ''mařé'' ||''maří''
|-
|-
Line 229: Line 196:
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|''agňé'' || ''agňou'' ||''agníš''
|''agňé'' || ''agňáu'' ||''agníš''
|''maťé'' || ''maťou'' ||''matíš''
|''maťé'' || ''maťáu'' ||''matíš''
|''mařé'' || ''mařou'' ||''maříš''
|''mařé'' || ''mařáu'' ||''maříš''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|''agně!'' || ''agňů!'' ||''agňé!''
|''agně!'' || ''agňů!'' ||''agňé!''
|''maťi!'' || ''maťé!'' ||''matěch!''
|''mati!'' || ''maťé!'' ||''matěch!''
|''maře!'' || ''mařé!'' ||''maří!''
|''maře!'' || ''mařé!'' ||''maří!''
|}
|}
Line 254: Line 221:
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''patních'' || ''patnijou''  ||''patnijou''
|''patních'' || ''patnijáu''  ||''patnijou''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
Line 269: Line 236:
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|''patnijé'' || ''patnijou'' ||''patníš''
|''patnijé'' || ''patnijáu'' ||''patníš''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
Line 300: Line 267:
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''avýjouš'' || ''avýjavou'' ||''avýjavou''
|''avýjouš'' || ''avýjaváu'' ||''avýjavou''
|''žouštouch'' || ''žouštavou'' ||''žouštavou''
|''žouštouch'' || ''žouštaváu'' ||''žouštavou''
|''medhouš'' || ''medhavou'' ||''medhavou''
|''medhouš'' || ''medhaváu'' ||''medhavou''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
Line 325: Line 292:
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|''avýjáu, avýjavi'' || ''avýjavou'' ||''avýjúš''
|''avýjáu, avýjavi'' || ''avýjaváu'' ||''avýjúš''
|''žouštáu, žouštavi'' || ''žouštavou'' ||''žouštúš''
|''žouštáu, žouštavi'' || ''žouštaváu'' ||''žouštúš''
|''medháu, medhavi'' || ''medhavou'' ||''medhúš''
|''medháu, medhavi'' || ''medhaváu'' ||''medhúš''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|''avýjou!'' || ''avýjavů!'' ||''avýjavé!''
|''avýjou!'' || ''avýjavů!'' ||''avýjavé!''
|''žouštou!'' || ''žouštavé!'' ||''žoustavech!''
|''žouštou!'' || ''žouštavé!'' ||''goustavech!''
|''medhou!'' || ''medhavé!'' ||''medhú!''
|''medhou!'' || ''medhavé!'' ||''medhú!''
|}
|}


=== n-stems ===
=== n-stems ===
=== Irregular nouns ===
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
|-
Line 350: Line 318:
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''žmenaš''|| ''žmenou'' ||''žmenou''
|''žmenaš''|| ''žmenáu'' ||''žmenou''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
Line 365: Line 333:
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|''žmeni, žmené'' || ''žmenou'' ||''žmenaš''
|''žmeni, žmené'' || ''žmenáu'' ||''žmenaš''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|''žmů!'' ||''žmenů!''  ||''žmené!''
|''žmů!'' ||''žmenů!''  ||''žmené!''
|}
|}
=== ma-stems ===
=== ma-stems ===
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
Line 385: Line 354:
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''vnamenaš''|| ''vnamenou'' ||''vnamenou''
|''vnamenaš''|| ''vnamenáu'' ||''vnamenou''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
Line 400: Line 369:
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|''vnameni, vnamené'' || ''vnamenou'' ||''vnamenaš''
|''vnameni, vnamené'' || ''vnamenáu'' ||''vnamenaš''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
Line 421: Line 390:
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''andhes, andhesaš''|| ''andhesou'' ||''andhesou''
|''andhes, andhesaš''|| ''andhesáu'' ||''andhesou''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
Line 436: Line 405:
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|''andhesi, andhesé'' || ''andhesou'' ||''andhesaš''
|''andhesi, andhesé'' || ''andhesáu'' ||''andhesaš''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
Line 447: Line 416:


=== -ýr nouns ===
=== -ýr nouns ===
TODO: Family members ''patýr, mátýr, bhrátýr, svesýr, duhatýr''
TODO: Family members ''patýr, mátýr, bhrátýr, svesůr, dhvatýr''
==== Masculine ====
==== Masculine ====
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
Line 463: Line 432:
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''patreš''|| ''patrou'' ||''patrou''
|''patreš''|| ''patráu'' ||''patrou''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
Line 469: Line 438:
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|''patra'' ||''paterů''||''patŕch''
|''patra'' ||''paterů''||''patrech''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Ablative'''
|align="right"|'''Ablative'''
Line 478: Line 447:
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|''patři, patré'' || ''patrou'' ||''patrš''
|''patři, patré'' || ''patráu'' ||''patrš''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|''patre!'' ||''paterů!''  ||''pateré!''
|''patre!'' ||''paterů!''  ||''pateré!''
|}
|}
==== Feminine ====
==== Feminine ====


Line 500: Line 470:
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''gouch''||''gavou''||''gavou''
|''gouch''||''gaváu''||''gavou''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
Line 515: Line 485:
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|''gavé'' || ''gavou'' ||''gouš''
|''gavé'' || ''gaváu'' ||''gouš''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
Line 532: Line 502:
|-
|-
! acc.
! acc.
| ''mý'' (stressed), ''me'' (unstressed) || ''tý'' (stressed), ''te'' (unstressed) || ''ta'' || ''tou'' || ''tach'' || ''sý'' (stressed), ''se'' (unstressed)
| ''jmý'' (stressed), ''me'' (unstressed) || ''tý'' (stressed), ''te'' (unstressed) || ''ta'' || ''tou'' || ''tach'' || ''sý'' (stressed), ''se'' (unstressed)
|-
|-
! gen.
! gen.
| ''maná'' || ''tvaná'' || ''taš'' || ''tech'' || ''taš'' || ''svaná''
| ''jmaná'' || ''tvaná'' || ''taš'' || ''tech'' || ''taš'' || ''svaná''
|-
|-
! poss.
! poss.
| ''mák, manák'' || ''tvák, tvanák'' || ''"'' || ''"'' || ''"'' || ''svák, svanák''
| ''jmák, jmanák'' || ''tvák, tvanák'' || ''"'' || ''"'' || ''"'' || ''svák, svanák''
|-
|-
! dat.
! dat.
| ''meži'', ''mé'' || ''tebhi'', ''té'' || ''tasmej'' || ''tašáj, táj'' || ''tasmej'' || ''sebhi, sé''
| ''jmeži'', ''jmé'' || ''tebhi'', ''té'' || ''tasmej'' || ''tašáj, táj'' || ''tasmej'' || ''sebhi, sé''
|-
|-
! abl.
! abl.
| ''mežách'', ''mách'' || ''tebhách'', ''tvách'' || ''tasmách'' || ''tašách'' || ''tasmách'' || ''sebhách, svách''
| ''jmežách'', ''jmách'' || ''tebhách'', ''tvách'' || ''tasmách'' || ''tašách'' || ''tasmách'' || ''sebhách, svách''
|-
|-
! ins.
! ins.
| ''maný'' (m), ''majá'' (f) || ''tvaný'' (m/n), ''tvajá'' (f) || ''taný'' || ''tajá'' || ''taný'' || ''svaný'' (m/n), ''svajá'' (f)
| ''jmaný'' (m), ''jmajá'' (f) || ''tvaný'' (m/n), ''tvajá'' (f) || ''taný'' || ''tajá'' || ''taný'' || ''svaný'' (m/n), ''svajá'' (f)
|-
|-
! loc.
! loc.
| ''maji'' || ''tvaji'' || ''tasmi'' || ''tašé'' || ''tasmi'' || ''svaji''
| ''jmaji'' || ''tvaji'' || ''tasmi'' || ''tašé'' || ''tasmi'' || ''svaji''
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | case ||rowspan=2| 1du. || rowspan=2 | 2du. || colspan="3" | 3du.  
! rowspan=2 | case ||rowspan=2| 1du. || rowspan=2 | 2du. || colspan="3" | 3du.  
Line 563: Line 533:
|-
|-
! gen.
! gen.
| ''nájou'' || ''jújou'' || ''téjou'' || ''tájou'' || ''téjou''
| ''nájáu'' || ''jújáu'' || ''táu'' || ''táu'' || ''táu''
|-
|-
! poss.
! poss.
Line 578: Line 548:
|-
|-
! loc.
! loc.
| ''nájou'' || ''jújou'' || ''téjou'' || ''tájou'' || ''téjou''
| ''nájáu'' || ''jújáu'' || ''téjáu'' || ''tájáu'' || ''téjáu''
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | case ||rowspan=2| 1pl. || rowspan=2 | 2pl. || colspan="3" | 3pl.  
! rowspan=2 | case ||rowspan=2| 1pl. || rowspan=2 | 2pl. || colspan="3" | 3pl.  
Line 603: Line 573:
|-
|-
! ins.
! ins.
| ''nábhi, nasmabhi'' || ''júbhi''|| ''téch'' || ''tábhi'' || ''téch''  
| ''nábhi, nasmabhi'' || ''júbhi, jušmabhi''|| ''téch'' || ''tábhi'' || ''téch''  
|-
|-
! loc.
! loc.
| ''nasméš'' || ''jušméš'' || ''téš'' || ''táš'' || ''téš''  
| ''nasméš'' || ''jušméš'' || ''téš'' || ''táš'' || ''téš''  
|}
|}
The possessive pronouns ''m(an)ák, tv(an)ák, sv(an)ák, nasmák, jušmák'' decline as ''o''-stem adjectives. Other pronouns use the genitive form.
The possessive pronouns ''jm(an)ák, tv(an)ák, sv(an)ák, nasmák, jušmák'' decline as ''o''-stem adjectives. Other pronouns use the genitive form.


=== Demonstrative ===
=== Demonstrative ===
Demonstratives: ši, ší, šich (distance-neutral)
Demonstratives: či, čí, čich (distance-neutral)


Interrogative (determiner and pronoun): či, čí, čich
Interrogative and relative (determiner and pronoun): ka, ká, kach
 
Relative: ja, já, jach


==Adjectives==
==Adjectives==
Line 641: Line 609:
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|''jsúrt''||''jsúrtů''||''jsúrté''
|''jsúrt''||''jsúrtů''||''jsúrté''
|''jsúrtá''||''jsúrté''||''jsúrtech''
|''jsúrtá''||''jsúrté''||''jsúrtých''
|''jsúrta''||''jsúrté'' || ''jsúrtá''
|''jsúrta''||''jsúrté'' || ''jsúrtá''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''jsúrtaš''|| ''jsúrtou'' ||''jsúrtou''
|''jsúrtaš''|| ''jsúrtáu'' ||''jsúrtou''
|''jsúrtech''|| ''jsúrtou'' ||''jsúrtou''
|''jsúrtých''|| ''jsúrtáu'' ||''jsúrtou''
|''jsúrtaš''|| ''jsúrtou'' ||''jsúrtou''
|''jsúrtaš''|| ''jsúrtáu'' ||''jsúrtou''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
Line 670: Line 638:
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|''jsúrtami'' || ''jsúrtou'' ||''jsúrtéš''
|''jsúrtami'' || ''jsúrtáu'' ||''jsúrtéš''
|''jsúrté''||''jsúrtou''  ||''jsúrtáš''
|''jsúrté''||''jsúrtáu''  ||''jsúrtáš''
|''jsúrtami'' || ''jsúrtou'' ||''jsúrtéš''
|''jsúrtami'' || ''jsúrtáu'' ||''jsúrtéš''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
Line 708: Line 676:
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''jvesouš''|| ''jvesavou'' ||''jvesavou''
|''jvesouš''|| ''jvesaváu'' ||''jvesavou''
|''jvesích''|| ''jvesijou'' ||''jvesijou''
|''jvesích''|| ''jvesijáu'' ||''jvesijou''
|''jvesouš''|| ''jvesavou'' ||''jvesavou''
|''jvesouš''|| ''jvesaváu'' ||''jvesavou''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
Line 733: Line 701:
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|''jvesumi'' || ''jvesavou'' ||''jvesúš''
|''jvesumi'' || ''jvesaváu'' ||''jvesúš''
|''jvesijé''||''jvesijou''  ||''jvesíš''
|''jvesijé''||''jvesijáu''  ||''jvesíš''
|''jvesumi'' || ''jvesavou'' ||''jvesúš''
|''jvesumi'' || ''jvesaváu'' ||''jvesúš''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
Line 743: Line 711:
|}
|}
=== Participles ===
=== Participles ===
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|+ Declension of ''jsas'' 'real'; ''jsan'' means 'thing'
|-
!
! colspan=3| masc.
! colspan=3| fem.
! colspan=3| neut.
|-
!
!singular
!dual
!plural
!singular
!dual
!plural
!singular
!dual
!plural
|-
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|''jsas''||''jsantů''||''jsanté''
|''jsantí''||''jsantijé''||''jsantích''
|''jsan''||''jsanté'' || ''jsantá''
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''jsantaš''||''jsantáu''||''jsantou''
|''jsantích''||''jsantijáu''||''jsantijou''
|''jsantaš''||''jsantáu'' || ''jsantou''
|-
|align="right"|'''Dative'''
|''jsantam''||''jsantabhou''||''jsantabh''
|''jsantí''||''jsantíbhou''||''jsantíbh''
|''jsantam''||''jsantabhou'' || ''jsantabh''
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|''jsanta''||''jsantů''||''jsantech''
|''jsantí''||''jsantijé''||''jsantích''
|''jsan''||''jsanté'' || ''jsantá''
|-
|align="right"|'''Ablative'''
|''jsantách''||''jsantabhou''||''jsantabh''
|''jsantích''||''jsantíbhou''||''jsantíbh''
|''jsantách''||''jsantabhou'' || ''jsantabh''
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|''jsantý''||''jsantabhí''||''jsantéch''
|''jsantijá''||''jsantíbhí''||''jsantíbhi''
|''jsantý''||''jsantabhí'' || ''jsantéch''
|-
|align="right"|'''Locative'''
|''jsantami''||''jsantáu''||''jsantéš''
|''jsantijé''||''jsantijáu''||''jsantíš''
|''jsantami''||''jsantáu'' || ''jsantéš''
|}


==Verbs==
==Verbs==
Line 773: Line 795:
četuržat = 40
četuržat = 40
pendžat = 50
pendžat = 50
šeššat = 60
šežžat = 60
septažat = 70
septažat = 70
aštůžat = 80
aštůžat = 80
Line 784: Line 806:
Ilithian has unmarked order SOV: 'The woman sings the song' is ''Džená gájma gájet''. (Using ''gájma'' 'song' as an object of ''gájeti'' 'to sing' implies specificity. 'Sings a (nonspecific) song' would simply be ''gájet''.)
Ilithian has unmarked order SOV: 'The woman sings the song' is ''Džená gájma gájet''. (Using ''gájma'' 'song' as an object of ''gájeti'' 'to sing' implies specificity. 'Sings a (nonspecific) song' would simply be ''gájet''.)


Ilithian is topic-prominent, so the topic comes first:
Sebatian is topic-prominent, so the topic comes first:
*''Džená gájma gájet'' = The woman sings the song (cf. ''Onna wa uta wo utau'')
*''Džená gájma gájet'' = The woman sings the song (cf. ''Onna wa uta wo utau'')
*''Gájma gájet džená'' = The song is sung by a woman/The *woman* sings the song (cf. ''Uta wa onna ga utau'')
*''Gájma gájet džená'' = The song is sung by a woman/The *woman* sings the song (cf. ''Uta wa onna ga utau'')
*''Žmenou dvů jstou'' = There are two people/Of people, there are two (cf. ''Hito wa futari ga iru'')
*''Žmenou dvů jstou'' = There are two people/Of people, there are two (cf. ''Hito wa futari ga iru'')
*''Tam švů jest'' = He has a dog (cf. Jp. ''Kare wa inu ga iru'')
*''Tam švů jest'' = He has a dog (cf. Jp. ''Kare wa inu ga iru'')
The ''-č'' or ''-če'' Wackernagel clitic ('and' in Classical Ilithian) becomes an explicit topic particle in later forms of Ilithian.
The ''-č'' or ''-če'' Wackernagel clitic ('and' in Classical Ilithian) becomes an explicit topic particle in later descendants.


==Sample text==
==Sample text==
Line 797: Line 819:
=== Ilithian textbook ===
=== Ilithian textbook ===
==== Lesson 2 ====
==== Lesson 2 ====
''Ši vír jest. Vír Jsužen rekté, taš vnama Jsužen jest. Šíč džená jest. Džená Ouháľá rekté. Jsužen Ouhálěch pať jest, Ouháľáč Jsuženaš patní. Žmátů jstou. Tébhou tří dhýná jsant, súnů duhatýrče.''
''Ši vír jest. Vír Jsužen rekté, taš jnama Jsužen jest. Šíč džená jest. Džená Ouháľá rekté. Jsužen Ouhálěch pať jest, Ouháľáč Jsuženaš patní. Žmátů jstou. Tébhou tří dhýná jsant, súnů dhvatýrče.''


This is a man. The man is called Jsužen, his name is Jsužen. This is a woman. The woman's name is Ouháľá. Jsužen is Ouháľá's husband, and Ouháľá is his wife. They are married/a couple. They have three children, two sons and a daughter.
This is a man. The man is called Jsužen, his name is Jsužen. This is a woman. The woman's name is Ouháľá. Jsužen is Ouháľá's husband, and Ouháľá is his wife. They are married/a couple. They have three children, two sons and a daughter.


===Schleicher's Fable===
===Schleicher's Fable===
'''Avi ješvéč'''
'''Avi ješvéče'''


''Avi, jasmej vlná nébhú, jevidat ješvouch: jéva tangu važa vežanti, jévač maža bhara, jévač žmena ašu bheranti.''
''Avi, kasmáj vlná nébhú, vidat ješvouch: jéva tangu vaha vehanti, jévače maha bhara, jévače žmena ašu bheranti.''


[[Category:Indo-European languages|C]]
[[Category:Indo-European languages|C]]
Line 811: Line 833:
'''Ilithian'''
'''Ilithian'''


''JÉDNESI PANTÁTECH TEČMENÁ. Gegrýš jaha tasmej ajavej, jasmi se žmenišáj maťáj vištím ater jsúrtami vlkamič bháněti vjážet, vídas jaha vištítá ater žmenéš stámená rtěchče pravekouchče rbhíchče, jebhi anadedhánté, ambebháté meži nepavá bhúti doušá, ja se jsu, šu janý žmenou štidhý se andůjou, meš am jaja praveka džívatou anadůtí bhúját, maťájmi.''
''JÉDNESI PANTÁTECH TEČMENÁ. Gegrýš jaha tasmej ajavej, kasmi se žmeniškáj maťáj vištím ater jsúrtami vlkamič bháněti vjážet, vídas jaha vištítá ater žmenéš stámená rtěchče pravekouchče rbhíchče, čebhi anadedhánté, ambebháté jmeži nepavá bhúti doušá, ja se jsu, ku kaný žmenou štidhý se andůjou, meš am kaja praveka džívatou anadůtí bhúját, maťájmi.''


'''English''' (tr. Matthew Spinka)
'''English''' (tr. Matthew Spinka)
Line 821: Line 843:
''O PŘÍČINÁCH V SVĚT PUTOVÁNÍ. Když sem v tom věku byl, v kterémž se lidskému rozumu rozdíl mezi dobrým a zlým ukazovati začíná, vida já rozdílné mezi lidmi stavy, řády, povolání, práce a předsevzetí, jímiž se zanášejí, zdála se mi toho nemalá býti potřeba, abych se dobře, ke kterému bych se houfu lidí připojiti a v jakých věcech život stráviti měl, rozmyslil.''
''O PŘÍČINÁCH V SVĚT PUTOVÁNÍ. Když sem v tom věku byl, v kterémž se lidskému rozumu rozdíl mezi dobrým a zlým ukazovati začíná, vida já rozdílné mezi lidmi stavy, řády, povolání, práce a předsevzetí, jímiž se zanášejí, zdála se mi toho nemalá býti potřeba, abych se dobře, ke kterému bych se houfu lidí připojiti a v jakých věcech život stráviti měl, rozmyslil.''


[[Category:Indo-European languages]][[Category:Stem-Balto-Slavic]][[Category:Ilithic]][[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Indo-European languages]][[Category:Stem-Balto-Slavic]][[Category:Sebatic]][[Category:Languages]]
IlL
138,726

edits

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/228639...366776"