Linguifex

Ilithian: Difference between revisions

Page Discussion

Ilithian (view source)

Revision as of 01:43, 27 March 2024

6 bytes added ,  27 March
m
no edit summary
mNo edit summary
 
(14 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
'''Ilithian''' (''jľoudhišká dažvá'' /ˈʝʎou̯ɟʱɪʃkaː ˈdaʒvaː/) is a classical IE language in [[Verse:Avišvijá]], inspired by Czech, Sanskrit, Greek, and Proto-Celtic. It shares satemization and the ruki law with Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic.
'''Ilithian''' (''gľauďhišká dažwá'' /ˈʝʎou̯ɟʱɪʃkaː ˈdaʒvaː/) is a classical IE language in [[Verse:Avišvijá]], inspired by Czech, Sanskrit, Greek, and Proto-Celtic. It shares satemization and the ruki law with Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic.
 
Lots of compounding as in Sanskrit; sandhi?


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
Line 11: Line 13:
|
|
| '''ň, ni''' /ɲ/
| '''ň, ni''' /ɲ/
| [ŋ]
| '''ŋ''' /ŋ/
|
|
|-
|-
Line 19: Line 21:
| '''t''' /t/
| '''t''' /t/
| '''č''' /tʃ/
| '''č''' /tʃ/
| '''ť, ti''' /c/
| '''ť''' /c/
| '''k''' /k/  
| '''k''' /k/  
|
|
Line 27: Line 29:
| '''d''' /d/
| '''d''' /d/
| '''dž''' /dʒ/
| '''dž''' /dʒ/
| '''ď, di''' /ɟ/
| '''ď''' /ɟ/
| '''g''' /g/
|  
|
|
|-
|-
Line 47: Line 49:
!<small>voiced</small>
!<small>voiced</small>
| '''v''' /v/
| '''v''' /v/
| || '''ž''' /ʒ/ || '''j''' /j~ʝ/ ||  || '''h''' /ɦ/
| || '''ž''' /ʒ/ || '''g''' /j~ʝ/ ||  || '''h''' /ɦ/
|-
|-
!colspan="2"| Liquid
!colspan="2"| Liquid
Line 53: Line 55:
| '''l''' /l/, '''r''' /r/
| '''l''' /l/, '''r''' /r/
| '''ř''' /(Czech ř)/
| '''ř''' /(Czech ř)/
| '''ľ, li''' /ʎ/
| '''ľ''' /ʎ/
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 60: Line 62:
Consonants: identical to Czech (add ľ bh dh džh ďh, but h < gh), but j = [ʝ~ç]. No Auslautverhärtung.
Consonants: identical to Czech (add ľ bh dh džh ďh, but h < gh), but j = [ʝ~ç]. No Auslautverhärtung.


d dh t n l + i í pronounced as if written ď ďh ť ň ľ + i í; ý is non-palatalizing í
Vowels: a e i u á é j ú ů eg au ág áu, acute = long vowel (u, ú, ů, ou, áu = u, ʉː, uː, ɔw, aːw), l ĺ r ŕ = syllabic liquids
 
Vowels: a e i u á é í/ý ú ů ej ou áj áu, acute = long vowel (u, ú, ů, ou, áu = ɯ, ɯː, uː, ɔw, aːw), l ĺ r ŕ = syllabic liquids


PIE oey > ej
PIE oey > eg


Pitch accent: Proto-Slavic style?
Pitch accent: Proto-Slavic style?
Line 76: Line 76:
all é > ý in the "Prakrit", ý from older long e causes "second palatalization", ý from Classical Ilithian é causes "third palatalization"
all é > ý in the "Prakrit", ý from older long e causes "second palatalization", ý from Classical Ilithian é causes "third palatalization"


mýs, mýnes- 'month'
mjs, mjnes- 'month'


ja > je?
ja > je?
=== Iotation ===
=== Iotation ===
k g h t d dh p b bh v m n l r s > CL+č CL+dž CL+džh CL+ť CL+ď CL+ďh pj bj bhj vj mň CL+ň CL+ľ CL+ř CL+š
k g h t d dh p b bh v m n l r s > CL+č CL+dž CL+džh CL+ť CL+ď CL+ďh pg bg bhg wg mň CL+ň CL+ľ CL+ř CL+š


This occurs after laryngeals vocalize. Sometimes iotation causes compensatory lengthening ("CL") of the vowel before the iotated consonant: ''*bʰh₂nyoh₂'' 'I shine' > ''*bʰanjō'' > ''*bʰāňō'' > CIlith ''bháňů'' 'I explain, I state'.
This occurs after laryngeals vocalize. Sometimes iotation causes compensatory lengthening ("CL") of the vowel before the iotated consonant: ''*bʰh₂nyoh₂'' 'I shine' > ''*bʰanjō'' > ''*bʰāňō'' > CIlith ''bháňů'' 'I explain, I state'.
Line 247: Line 247:
!
!
! colspan=3| ''avýju'' (m.) = wind
! colspan=3| ''avýju'' (m.) = wind
! colspan=3| ''gouštú'' (f.) = meat
! colspan=3| ''žouštú'' (f.) = meat
! colspan=3| ''medhu'' (n.) = honey
! colspan=3| ''medhu'' (n.) = honey
|-
|-
Line 263: Line 263:
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|''avýju'' || ''avýjavů'' ||''avýjavé''
|''avýju'' || ''avýjavů'' ||''avýjavé''
|''gouštú'' || ''goustavé'' ||''gouštavech''
|''žouštú'' || ''žoustavé'' ||''žouštavech''
|''medhu'' || ''medhavé'' || ''medhú''
|''medhu'' || ''medhavé'' || ''medhú''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''avýjouš'' || ''avýjaváu'' ||''avýjavou''
|''avýjouš'' || ''avýjaváu'' ||''avýjavou''
|''gouštouch'' || ''gouštaváu'' ||''gouštavou''
|''žouštouch'' || ''žouštaváu'' ||''žouštavou''
|''medhouš'' || ''medhaváu'' ||''medhavou''
|''medhouš'' || ''medhaváu'' ||''medhavou''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|''avýjavej'' || ''avýjubhou'' ||''avýjubh''
|''avýjavej'' || ''avýjubhou'' ||''avýjubh''
|''gouštaváj'' || ''gouštubhou'' ||''gouštubh''
|''žouštaváj'' || ''žouštubhou'' ||''žouštubh''
|''medhavej'' || ''medhubhou'' ||''medhubh''
|''medhavej'' || ''medhubhou'' ||''medhubh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|''avýjú'' || ''avýjavů'' ||''avýjúch''
|''avýjú'' || ''avýjavů'' ||''avýjúch''
|''gouštú'' || ''gouštavé'' ||''gouštúch''
|''žouštú'' || ''žouštavé'' ||''žouštúch''
|''medhu'' || ''medhavé'' ||''medhú''
|''medhu'' || ''medhavé'' ||''medhú''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Ablative'''
|align="right"|'''Ablative'''
|''avýjouch'' || ''avýjubhí'' ||''avýjubh''
|''avýjouch'' || ''avýjubhí'' ||''avýjubh''
|''gouštouch'' || ''gouštubhí'' ||''gouštubh''
|''žouštouch'' || ''žouštubhí'' ||''žouštubh''
|''medhouch'' || ''medhubhí'' ||''medhubh''
|''medhouch'' || ''medhubhí'' ||''medhubh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|''avýjú'' || ''avýjubhí'' ||''avýjubhi''
|''avýjú'' || ''avýjubhí'' ||''avýjubhi''
|''gouštujá'' || ''gouštubhí'' ||''gouštubhi''
|''žouštujá'' || ''žouštubhí'' ||''žouštubhi''
|''medhú'' || ''medhubhí'' ||''medhubhi''
|''medhú'' || ''medhubhí'' ||''medhubhi''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|''avýjáu, avýjavi'' || ''avýjaváu'' ||''avýjúš''
|''avýjáu, avýjavi'' || ''avýjaváu'' ||''avýjúš''
|''gouštáu, gouštavi'' || ''gouštaváu'' ||''gouštúš''
|''žouštáu, žouštavi'' || ''žouštaváu'' ||''žouštúš''
|''medháu, medhavi'' || ''medhaváu'' ||''medhúš''
|''medháu, medhavi'' || ''medhaváu'' ||''medhúš''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|''avýjou!'' || ''avýjavů!'' ||''avýjavé!''
|''avýjou!'' || ''avýjavů!'' ||''avýjavé!''
|''gouštou!'' || ''gouštavé!'' ||''goustavech!''
|''žouštou!'' || ''žouštavé!'' ||''goustavech!''
|''medhou!'' || ''medhavé!'' ||''medhú!''
|''medhou!'' || ''medhavé!'' ||''medhú!''
|}
|}
Line 307: Line 307:
|-
|-
!
!
! colspan=3| ''hmůb'' (m.) = human
! colspan=3| ''žmů'' (m.) = human
|-
|-
!
!
Line 315: Line 315:
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|''hmůb''||''hmenů''||''hmené''
|''žmů''||''žmenů''||''žmené''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''hmenaš''|| ''hmenáu'' ||''hmenou''
|''žmenaš''|| ''žmenáu'' ||''žmenou''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|''hmenej'' ||''hmenabhou''  ||''hmenabh''
|''žmenej'' ||''žmenabhou''  ||''žmenabh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|''hmena'' ||''hmenů''||''hmenech''
|''žmena'' ||''žmenů''||''žmenech''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Ablative'''
|align="right"|'''Ablative'''
|''hmenách'' ||''hmenabhou''  ||''hmenabh''
|''žmenách'' ||''žmenabhou''  ||''žmenabh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|''hmený'' ||''hmenabhí''  ||''hmenéch''
|''žmený'' ||''žmenabhí''  ||''žmenéch''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|''hmeni, hmené'' || ''hmenáu'' ||''hmenaš''
|''žmeni, žmené'' || ''žmenáu'' ||''žmenaš''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|''hmů!'' ||''hmenů!''  ||''hmené!''
|''žmů!'' ||''žmenů!''  ||''žmené!''
|}
|}


Line 459: Line 459:
|-
|-
!
!
! colspan=3| ''bů'' (f.) = cow
! colspan=3| ''gů'' (f.) = cow
|-
|-
!
!
Line 467: Line 467:
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|''bů''||''bavé''||''bavech''
|''gů''||''gavé''||''gavech''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''bouch''||''baváu''||''bavou''
|''gouch''||''gaváu''||''gavou''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|''baváj'' ||''bůbhou'' ||''bůbh''
|''gaváj'' ||''gůbhou'' ||''gůbh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|''bou, bavou'' ||''bavé''||''bůch, bavech''
|''gou, gavou'' ||''gavé''||''gůch, gavech''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Ablative'''
|align="right"|'''Ablative'''
|''bouch'' ||''bůbhou'' ||''bůbh''
|''gouch'' ||''gůbhou'' ||''gůbh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|''bavá, bůjá'' ||''bůbhí'' ||''bůbhi''
|''gavá, gůjá'' ||''gůbhí'' ||''gůbhi''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|''bavé'' || ''baváu'' ||''bouš''
|''gavé'' || ''gaváu'' ||''gouš''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|''bů!'' || ''bavé!''||''bavech!''
|''gů!'' || ''gavé!''||''gavech!''
|}
|}


Line 775: Line 775:
tři, třis, tří (m/f/n) = 3
tři, třis, tří (m/f/n) = 3
četur, četus, četura (m/f/n) = 4
četur, četus, četura (m/f/n) = 4
čenče, čenčis, čenča (m/f/n) = 5
penče, penčis, penča (m/f/n) = 5
šeš = 6
šeš = 6
septa - 7
septa - 7
aktů = 8
aštů = 8
jneva = 9
jneva = 9
deka = 10
deša = 10
jévurdeka = 11
jévurdeša = 11
dvůrdeka = 12
dvůrdeša = 12
třírdeka = 13
třírdeša = 13
četurdeka = 14
četurdeša = 14
čenčurdeka = 15
penčurdeša = 15
šešurdeka = 16
šešurdeša = 16
septurdeka = 17
septurdeša = 17
aktůrdeka = 18
aštůrdeša = 18
jnevurdeka = 19
jnevurdeša = 19
víkati = 20
vížati = 20
jévurvíkati = 21
jévurvížati = 21
tříkat = 30
třížat = 30
četurkat = 40
četuržat = 40
čenčkat = 50
pendžat = 50
šeškat = 60
šežžat = 60
septakat = 70
septažat = 70
aktůkat = 80
aštůžat = 80
jnevakat = 90
jnevažat = 90
kata = 100
šata = 100
džhílí = 1000
žílí = 1000
</poem>
</poem>


Line 815: Line 815:
==Sample text==
==Sample text==
=== UDHR ===
=== UDHR ===
''Višvé hmené svapátěbhi ženijánté; téšou jsutvrtitáť andoušijéče lígé jsant.''
''Višvé žmené svapátěbhi ženijánté; téšou jsutvrtitáť andoušijéče lígé jsant.''


=== Ilithian textbook ===
=== Ilithian textbook ===
==== Lesson 2 ====
==== Lesson 2 ====
''Ši vír jest. Vír Jsužen rekté, taš jnama Jsužen jest. Šíč bená jest. Džená Ouháľá rekté. Jsužen Ouhálěch pať jest, Ouháľáč Jsuženaš patní. Žmátů jstou. Tébhou tří dhýná jsant, súnů dhvatýrče.''
''Ši vír jest. Vír Jsužen rekté, taš jnama Jsužen jest. Šíč džená jest. Džená Ouháľá rekté. Jsužen Ouhálěch pať jest, Ouháľáč Jsuženaš patní. Žmátů jstou. Tébhou tří dhýná jsant, súnů dhvatýrče.''


This is a man. The man is called Jsužen, his name is Jsužen. This is a woman. The woman's name is Ouháľá. Jsužen is Ouháľá's husband, and Ouháľá is his wife. They are married/a couple. They have three children, two sons and a daughter.
This is a man. The man is called Jsužen, his name is Jsužen. This is a woman. The woman's name is Ouháľá. Jsužen is Ouháľá's husband, and Ouháľá is his wife. They are married/a couple. They have three children, two sons and a daughter.


===Schleicher's Fable===
===Schleicher's Fable===
'''Avi jekvéče'''
'''Avi ješvéče'''


''Avi, kasmáj vlná nébhú, ividat jekvouch: jéva tangu vaha vehanti, jévače maha bhara, jévače hmůba aku bheranti.''
''Avi, kasmáj vlná nébhú, vidat ješvouch: jéva tangu vaha vehanti, jévače maha bhara, jévače žmena ašu bheranti.''


[[Category:Indo-European languages|C]]
[[Category:Indo-European languages|C]]
Line 833: Line 833:
'''Ilithian'''
'''Ilithian'''


''JÉDNESI PANTÁTECH TEKMENÁ. Gegrýš jaha tasmej ajavej, kasmi se hmeniškáj maťáj vištím ater jsúrtami vlkamič bháněti vjážet, vídas jaha vištítá ater hmenéš stámená rtěchče pravekouchče rbhíchče, čebhi anadedhánté, ambebháté meži nepavá bhúti doušá, ja se jsu, ku kaný hmenou štidhý se andůjou, meš am kaja praveka bívatou anadůtí bhúját, maťájmi.''
''JÉDNESI PANTÁTECH TEČMENÁ. Gegrýš jaha tasmej ajavej, kasmi se žmeniškáj maťáj vištím ater jsúrtami vlkamič bháněti vjážet, vídas jaha vištítá ater žmenéš stámená rtěchče pravekouchče rbhíchče, čebhi anadedhánté, ambebháté jmeži nepavá bhúti doušá, ja se jsu, ku kaný žmenou štidhý se andůjou, meš am kaja praveka džívatou anadůtí bhúját, maťájmi.''


'''English''' (tr. Matthew Spinka)
'''English''' (tr. Matthew Spinka)
IlL
138,726

edits

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/361432...366776"