Ilithian
| Ilithian | |
|---|---|
| Created by | IlL |
| Setting | Verse:Unbegotten |
Indo-European
| |
Placeholder for Verse:Unbegotten classical language in Russia and Central Asia
gájati = to sing
Phonology
Consonants: identical to Czech (add bh dh džh ďh, but h < gh), -ḥ = [x] and -ṃ = [ŋ]
Vowels: a e i u á é í ú ej ou áj áu
Pitch accent: Proto-Slavic style?
How far to take e > a? (It helps that Czech is one of the less palatalizing Slavic languages)
Palatals come from iotation or k g before e i (like PSlavic)?
initial e- > je-
Nouns
TODO: Dual
| vrk (m.) = wolf | loušná (f.) = moon, month | oušta (n.) = mouth | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | singular | dual | plural | singular | dual | plural | |
| Nominative | vrk | vrká | vrké | loušná | loušné | loušnaḥ | oušta | oušté | ouštání |
| Genitive | vrkaš | vrkou | vrkou | loušnaḥ | loušnou | loušnou | ouštaš | ouštou | ouštou |
| Dative | vrkej | vrkéma | vrkaṃ | loušnáj | loušnáma | loušnáṃ | ouštej | ouštéma | ouštaṃ |
| Accusative | vrka | vrká | vrkouḥ | loušnou | loušné | loušnaḥ | oušta | oušté | ouštání |
| Ablative | vrkáḥ | vrkéma | vrkaṃ | loušnáḥ | loušnáma | loušnáṃ | ouštáḥ | ouštéma | ouštaṃ |
| Instrumental | vrká | vrkéma | vrkéḥ | loušnajá | loušnáma | loušnámi | ouštá | ouštéma | ouštéḥ |
| Locative | vrké | vrkou | vrkéš | loušné | loušnou | loušnáš | oušté | ouštou | ouštéš |
| Vocative | vrče! | vrká! | vrké! | loušna! | loušné! | loušnáh! | oušte! | oušté! | ouštání! |
| agň (m.) = fire | mať (f.) = thought | mař (n.) = sea | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| Nominative | agň | agňé | mať | maťaḥ | mař | maríní |
| Genitive | agňéš | agňou | maťéḥ | maťou | mařéš | mařou |
| Dative | agňej | agňéṃ | maťáj | maťéṃ | mařej | mařéṃ |
| Accusative | agni | agníḥ | mati | matíḥ | mař | maríní |
| Ablative | agňéḥ | agňéṃ | maťéḥ | maťéṃ | mařéḥ | mařéṃ |
| Instrumental | agní | agňémi | matijá | maťémi | marí | mařémi |
| Locative | agňé | agníš | maťé | matíš | mařé | maríš |
| Vocative | agňe! | agňé! | maťi! | maťaḥ! | maře! | maríní! |
| véju (m.) = wind | džouštu (f.) = meat | madhu (n.) = honey | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| Nominative | véju | véjavé | džouštu | džouštavaḥ | madhu | madhúní |
| Genitive | véjouš | véjavou | džouštouḥ | džouštavou | madhouš | madhavou |
| Dative | véjavej | véjuṃ | džouštaváj | džouštuṃ | madhavej | madhuṃ |
| Accusative | véjú | véjúḥ | džouštú | džouštúḥ | madhu | madhúní |
| Ablative | véjouḥ | véjuṃ | džouštouḥ | džouštuṃ | madhouḥ | madhuṃ |
| Instrumental | véjú | véjumi | džouštujá | džouštumi | madhú | madhumi |
| Locative | véjáu | vejúš | džouštáu | džouštúš | madháu | madhúš |
| Vocative | véjou! | véjavé! | džouštou! | džoustavaḥ! | madhou! | madhúní! |
Pronouns
| case | 1sg. | 2sg. | 3sg. | 1pl. | 2pl. | 3pl. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| m. | f. | n. | m. | f. | n. | |||||
| nom. | aha | tú | sa | sá | tad | véḥ | júḥ | sí | saḥ | tá |
| acc. | ||||||||||
| gen. | ||||||||||
| dat. | ||||||||||
| abl. | ||||||||||
| ins. | ||||||||||
| loc. | ||||||||||
Demonstratives: ši, ší, šid
Adjectives
Verbs
Affixes
TODO: optative endings
Template:Col-3 Primary endings Indicative| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | -ṃ, -mi | -va | -ma | -mé | -vadhé | -madhé |
| 2nd | -š, -si | -ta | -te | -šé | -tadhé | -dhvé |
| 3rd | -t | -tou | -nt | -té | -toudhé | -nté |
Template:Col-3 Secondary endings
Indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | (vowel change) | -va | -ma | -má | -vadha | -madha |
| 2nd | -ḥ | -ta | -te | -tá | -tadha | -dhva |
| 3rd | -Ø | -tou | -n | -ta | -toudha | -anta |
Template:Col-3 Imperative endings
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2nd | -Ø, -dhi | -ta | -te | -se | -tá | -dhvá |
| 3rd | -tu | -tou | -ntu | -tá | -toudhá | -antá |
Verb classes
Athematic:
- dáti (to give): dedáṃ, dedáš, dedát, ..., dedánt
- státi (to stand): sestáṃ, sestáš, sestát, ..., sestánt
- dhéti (to put): dedhéṃ, dedhéš, dedhét, ..., dedhént
- bhúti (to be): jesmi, jesi, jest, jesva, jesta, jestou, jesma, jeste, jsant
Thematic o/e ablaut: bherti (to carry): (aha) bheraṃ, (tú) bhereš, (sa, sá, taḥ) bheret, (vedá) bherava, (judá) bhereta, (sá, sé, té) bheretou, (véḥ) bherama, (júḥ) bherete, (sí, saḥ, tá) bherant
root: anešti (to get): anešmi, anešši, anešt, anešva, anešta, aneštou, anešma, anešte, anešant
Seṭ-root (ending in a laryngeal) verbs merge into one of the other categories
-eh₂ti: daráti (to gift): daráṃ, daráš, darát, daráva, daráta, darátou, daráma, daráte, daránt
-yéti, -yeti: džhaďheti (to pray, to request): džhaďheṃ, džhaďheš, džhaďhet, džhaďheva, džhaďheta, džhaďhetou, džhaďhema, džhaďhete, džhaďhent
-éyeti: harejeti (to boil): harejeṃ, hareješ, harejet, harejeva, harejeta, harejetou, harejema, harejete, harejent
Syntax
Czechmate has unmarked order SOV: 'The woman sings the song' is Džená géman gájat. (Using géman 'song' as an object of gájati 'to sing' implies specificity. 'Sings a (nonspecific) song' would simply be gájat.)
- Džená géman gájat = Onna wa uta wo utau
- Géman gájat džená = Uta wa onna ga utau
Sample text
Czechmate textbook
Ši vír jest. Vírej Vrn rekté. Ší č džená jest. Dženáj Ahaľá rekté. Vrn Ahaľaḥ pať jest, Ahaľá č Vrnaš patní jest. Tíma tří dhéná jsant, súná duhatér č.
Schleicher's Fable
Avi ješvé-če
Avi, jasmej vlná nébhú, jevidat ješvouḥ: jéva tangu važa vežanti, jéva-če maža bhara, jéva-če žamana ašu bheranti.