Ilithian
| Ilithian | |
|---|---|
| jľoudhišká dažvá | |
| Created by | IlL |
| Setting | Verse:Unbegotten |
Indo-European
| |
Ilithian (jľoudhišká dažvá) is a classical language in Russia and Central Asia in Verse:Unbegotten. It is inspired by Czech, Sanskrit and Proto-Celtic. It is close to both Greek and Indo-Iranian but shares many features with Balto-Slavic.
gájati = to sing
vrýž = king
Jsužan = name cognate to Eugene, Owen
Phonology
Consonants: identical to Czech (add ľ bh dh džh ďh, but h < gh), but -ḥ = [x], j = [ʝ~ç]
d dh t n l + i í pronounced as if written ď ďh ť ň ľ + i í; ý is non-palatalizing í
Vowels: a e i u á é í/ý ú ů ej ou áj áu, acute = long vowel (u, ú, ů, ou, áu = ɯ, ɯː, uː, ɔw, aːw), l ĺ r ŕ = syllabic liquids
PIE oey, ōy > ej
Pitch accent: Proto-Slavic style?
Palatals come from iotation or k g before e i (like PSlavic)
initial e- > je-
ē, eh1 > ý, iH > í
all é > ý in the "Prakrit", ý from older long e causes "second palatalization", ý from Ilithian é causes "third palatalization"
mýn, mýnes- 'month'
Nouns
Literary Ilithian nouns and adjectives are extremely conservative in that they retain all 8 PIE cases and the dual number (like Sanskrit). However, a lot of analogical leveling between noun paradigms has taken place.
o-stems
| vrk (m.) = wolf | loušná (f.) = moon, month | oušta (n.) = mouth | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | singular | dual | plural | singular | dual | plural | |
| Nominative | vrk | vrků | vrké | loušná | loušné | loušnaḥ | oušta | oušté | ouštá |
| Genitive | vrkaš | vrkou | vrkou | loušnaḥ | loušnou | loušnou | ouštaš | ouštou | ouštou |
| Dative | vrkej | vrkabhou | vrkabh | loušnáj | loušnábhou | loušnábh | ouštej | ouštabhou | ouštabh |
| Accusative | vrka | vrků | vrkouḥ | loušnou | loušné | loušnaḥ | oušta | oušté | ouštá |
| Ablative | vrkáḥ | vrkabhou | vrkabh | loušnáḥ | loušnábhou | loušnábh | ouštáḥ | ouštabhou | ouštabh |
| Instrumental | vrký | vrkabhou | vrkéḥ | loušnajá | loušnábhou | loušnábhi | ouštý | ouštabhou | ouštéḥ |
| Locative | vrké | vrkou | vrkéš | loušné | loušnou | loušnáš | oušté | ouštou | ouštéš |
| Vocative | vrče! | vrků! | vrké! | loušna! | loušné! | loušnáḥ! | oušte! | oušté! | ouštá! |
i-stems
| ageň (m.) = fire | mať (f.) = thought | mař (n.) = sea | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | singular | dual | plural | singular | dual | plural | |
| Nominative | ageň | agňů | agňé | mať | maťé | maťaḥ | mař | mařé | maří |
| Genitive | agňéš | agňou | agňou | maťéḥ | maťou | maťou | mařéš | mařou | mařou |
| Dative | agňej | agňébhou | agňebh | maťáj | maťébhou | maťebh | mařej | mařébhou | mařebh |
| Accusative | agni | agňů | agníḥ | mati | maťé | maťaḥ | mař | mařé | maří |
| Ablative | agňéḥ | agňébhou | agňebh | maťéḥ | maťébhou | maťebh | mařéḥ | mařébhou | mařebh |
| Instrumental | agní | agňébhou | agňéḥ | matijá | maťébhou | maťábhi | maří | mařébhou | mařéḥ |
| Locative | agňé | agňou | agníš | maťé | maťou | matíš | mařé | mařou | maříš |
| Vocative | agňe! | agňů! | agňé! | maťi! | maťé! | maťaḥ! | maře! | mařé! | maří! |
Feminines in -í
| patní (f.) = wife | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| Nominative | patní | patnijé | patníḥ |
| Genitive | patníḥ | patnijou | patnijou |
| Dative | patní | patníbhou | patníbh |
| Accusative | patní | patnijé | patníḥ |
| Ablative | patníḥ | patníbhou | patníbh |
| Instrumental | patnijá | patníbhou | patníbhi |
| Locative | patnijé | patnijou | patníš |
| Vocative | patní! | patnijé! | patníḥ! |
u-stems
| výju (m.) = wind | žouštú (f.) = meat | medhu (n.) = honey | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | singular | dual | plural | singular | dual | plural | |
| Nominative | výju | výjavů | výjavé | žouštú | žoustavé | žouštavaḥ | medhu | medhavé | medhú |
| Genitive | výjouš | výjavou | výjavou | žouštouḥ | žouštavou | žouštavou | medhouš | medhavou | medhavou |
| Dative | výjavej | výjubhou | výjubh | žouštaváj | žouštubhou | žouštubh | medhavej | medhubhou | medhubh |
| Accusative | výjú | výjavů | výjúḥ | žouštú | žouštavé | žouštúḥ | medhu | medhavé | medhú |
| Ablative | výjouḥ | výjubhou | výjubh | žouštouḥ | žouštubhou | žouštubh | medhouḥ | medhubhou | medhubh |
| Instrumental | výjú | výjubhou | výjubhi | žouštujá | žouštubhou | žouštubhi | medhú | medhubhou | medhubhi |
| Locative | výjáu | výjavou | výjúš | žouštáu | žouštavou | žouštúš | medháu | medhavou | medhúš |
| Vocative | výjou! | výjavů! | výjavé! | žouštou! | žouštavé! | žoustavaḥ! | medhou! | medhavé! | medhú! |
n-stems
| žmů (m.) = human | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| Nominative | žmů | žmenů | žmené |
| Genitive | žmenaš | žmenou | žmenou |
| Dative | žmenej | žmenabhou | žmenabh |
| Accusative | žmena | žmenů | žmenaḥ |
| Ablative | žmenáḥ | žmenabhou | žmenabh |
| Instrumental | žmený | žmenabhou | žmenéḥ |
| Locative | žmeni, žmené | žmenou | žmenaš |
| Vocative | žmů! | žmenů! | žmené! |
ma-stems
| vnama (n.) = name | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| Nominative | vnama | vnamené | vnamená |
| Genitive | vnamenaš | vnamenou | vnamenou |
| Dative | vnamenej | vnamenabhou | vnamenabh |
| Accusative | vnama | vnamené | vnamená |
| Ablative | vnamenáḥ | vnamenabhou | vnamenabh |
| Instrumental | vnamený | vnamenabhou | vnamenéḥ |
| Locative | vnameni, vnamené | vnamenou | vnamenaš |
| Vocative | vnama! | vnamené! | vnamená! |
s-stems
| andh (n.) = spring (season) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| Nominative | andh | andhesé | andhesá |
| Genitive | andhes, andhesaš | andhesou | andhesou |
| Dative | andhesej | andhesabhou | andhesabh |
| Accusative | andh | andhesé | andhesá |
| Ablative | andhesáḥ | andhesabhou | andhesabh |
| Instrumental | andhesý | andhesabhou | andheséḥ |
| Locative | andhesi, andhesé | andhesou | andhesaš |
| Vocative | andh! | andhesé! | andhesá! |
Also: nebh 'cloud'
Other athematics
Other athematics usually become of the regular o-stems or the i-stems, depending on the final consonant. For example, vrýž 'king' (from *h₃rḗǵs) declines as a regular i-stem masculine noun.
-ýr nouns
TODO: Family members patýr, mátýr, bhrátýr, svesýr, sún, duhatýr
| patýr (m.) = father | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| Nominative | patýr | paterů | pateré |
| Genitive | patreš | patrou | patrou |
| Dative | patrej | patrbhou | patrbh |
| Accusative | patra | paterů | patŕḥ |
| Ablative | patréḥ | patrbhou | patrbh |
| Instrumental | patrý | patrbhou | patrbhi |
| Locative | patři, patré | patrou | patrš |
| Vocative | patre! | paterů! | pateré! |
Pronouns
| case | 1sg. | 2sg. | 3sg. | 1pl. | 2pl. | 3pl. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| m. | f. | n. | m. | f. | n. | |||||
| nom. | aha | tú | sa | sá | taḥ | véḥ | júḥ | sí | saḥ | tá |
| acc. | me | te | ||||||||
| gen. | ||||||||||
| dat. | meži | tebhi | ||||||||
| abl. | ||||||||||
| ins. | ||||||||||
| loc. | ||||||||||
Demonstratives: ši, ší, šid (distance-neutral)
Adjectives
o-stem adjectives
| masc. | fem. | neut. | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | singular | dual | plural | singular | dual | plural | |
| Nominative | jsudhr | jsudhrů | jsudhré | jsudhrá | jsudhré | jsudhraḥ | jsudhra | jsudhré | jsudhrá |
| Genitive | jsudhraš | jsudhrou | jsudhrou | jsudhraḥ | jsudhrou | jsudhrou | jsudhraš | jsudhrou | jsudhrou |
| Dative | jsudhram | jsudhrabhou | jsudhrabh | jsudhráj | jsudhrábhou | jsudhrábh | jsudhram | jsudhrabhou | jsudhrabh |
| Accusative | jsudhra | jsudhrů | jsudhrouḥ | jsudhrou | jsudhré | jsudhraḥ | jsudhra | jsudhré | jsudhrá |
| Ablative | jsudhráḥ | jsudhrabhou | jsudhrabh | jsudhráḥ | jsudhrábhou | jsudhrábh | jsudhráḥ | jsudhrabhou | jsudhrabh |
| Instrumental | jsudhrý | jsudhrabhou | jsudhréḥ | jsudhrajá | jsudhrábhou | jsudhrábhi | jsudhrý | jsudhrabhou | jsudhréḥ |
| Locative | jsudhrami | jsudhrou | jsudhréš | jsudhré | jsudhrou | jsudhráš | jsudhrami | jsudhrou | jsudhréš |
| Vocative | jsudhre | jsudhrů | jsudhré | jsudhra | jsudhré | jsudhraḥ | jsudhra | jsudhré | jsudhrá |
u-stem adjectives
Verbs
Affixes
TODO: optative endings
Infinitive -ti from -tey, like in Balto-Slavic
|
Primary endings Indicative
|
Secondary endings Indicative
|
Imperative endings
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Verb classes
Past perfective comes from PIE perfects or root aorists
Nasal infix class
Infinitive: jugti = to join, to connect
Participles:
- jungas, junganť = pres. active participle
- jungam = passive participle
- jungšas, jungšanť = future active ptcp.
Primary conjugation
Present indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | jungů | jungava | jungame | jungamé | jungavahé | jungamahé |
| 2nd | jundžeš | jundžeta | jundžete | jundžesé | jundžetahé | jundžehvé |
| 3rd | jundžet | jundžetou | jungant | jundžeté | jundžetouhé | junganté |
Secondary conjugation
Imperfect indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | jejugou | jejugava | jejugame | jejugamá | jejugavaha | jejugamaha |
| 2nd | jejudžeḥ | jejudžeta | jejudžete | jejudžešá | jejudžetaha | jejudžehvé |
| 3rd | jejudže | jejudžetou | jejugan | jejudžeta | jejudžetouha | jejuganta |
Future indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | jungšů | jungšava | jungšame | jungšamé | jungšavahé | jungšamahé |
| 2nd | jungšaš | jungšata | jungšate | jungšasé | jungšatahé | jungšahvé |
| 3rd | jungšat | jungšatou | jungšant | jungšaté | jungšatouhé | jungšanté |
Imperative endings
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | - | jungava! | jungame! | - | jungavá! | jungamahá! |
| 2nd | jundže! jundžedhi! | jundžeta! | jundžete! | jundžese! | jundžetá! | jundžehvé! |
| 3rd | jundžetu! | jundžetou! | jungantu! | jundžetá! | jundžetouhá! | jungantá! |
-áti verbs
Infinitive: šventáti = to worship
Participles:
- šventous, šventánť = pres. active participle
- šventám = passive participle
- šventášas, šventášanť = future active ptcp.
Primary conjugation
Present indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | šventám | šventáva | šventáme | šventámé | šventávahé | šventámahé |
| 2nd | šventáš | šventáta | šventáte | šventásé | šventátahé | šventáhvé |
| 3rd | šventát | šventátou | šventánt | šventáté | šventátouhé | šventánté |
Secondary conjugation
Imperfect indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | ješventou | ješventáva | ješventáme | ješventámá | ješventávaha | ješventámaha |
| 2nd | ješventáḥ | ješventáta | ješventáte | ješventášá | ješventátaha | ješventáhvé |
| 3rd | ješventá | ješventátou | ješventán | ješventáta | ješventátouha | ješventánta |
Future indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | šventášů | šventášava | šventášame | šventášamé | šventášavahé | šventášamahé |
| 2nd | šventášaš | šventášata | šventášate | šventášasé | šventášatahé | šventášahvé |
| 3rd | šventášat | šventášatou | šventášant | šventášaté | šventášatouhé | šventášanté |
Imperative endings
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | - | šventáva! | šventáme! | - | šventává! | šventámahá! |
| 2nd | šventá! šventádhi! | šventáta! | šventáte! | šventáse! | šventátá! | šventáhvé! |
| 3rd | šventátu! | šventátou! | šventántu! | šventátá! | šventátouhá! | šventántá! |
-ejeti
Infinitive: harejeti = to anger
Participles:
- harejas, harejanť = pres. active participle
- harejam = passive participle
- haréšas, haréšanť = future active ptcp.
Primary conjugation
Present indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | harejů | harejava | harejame | harejamé | harejavahé | harejamahé |
| 2nd | hareješ | harejeta | harejete | harejesé | harejetahé | harejehvé |
| 3rd | harejet | harejetou | harejant | harejeté | harejetouhé | harejanté |
Secondary conjugation
Imperfect indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | jejugou | jejugava | jejugame | jejugamá | jejugavaha | jejugamaha |
| 2nd | jejudžeḥ | jejudžeta | jejudžete | jejudžešá | jejudžetaha | jejudžehvé |
| 3rd | jejudže | jejudžetou | jejugan | jejudžeta | jejudžetouha | jejuganta |
Future indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | jungšů | jungšava | jungšame | jungšamé | jungšavahé | jungšamahé |
| 2nd | jungšaš | jungšata | jungšate | jungšasé | jungšatahé | jungšahvé |
| 3rd | jungšat | jungšatou | jungšant | jungšaté | jungšatouhé | jungšanté |
Imperative endings
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | - | jungava! | jungame! | - | jungavá! | jungamahá! |
| 2nd | jundže! jundžedhi! | jundžeta! | jundžete! | jundžese! | jundžetá! | jundžehvé! |
| 3rd | jundžetu! | jundžetou! | jungantu! | jundžetá! | jundžetouhá! | jungantá! |
-jeti
Infinitive: sumaťeti = to be mindful of
Participles:
- jungas, junganť = pres. active participle
- jungam = passive participle
- jungšas, jungšanť = future active ptcp.
Primary conjugation
Present indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | jungů | jungava | jungame | jungamé | jungavahé | jungamahé |
| 2nd | jundžeš | jundžeta | jundžete | jundžesé | jundžetahé | jundžehvé |
| 3rd | jundžet | jundžetou | jungant | jundžeté | jundžetouhé | junganté |
Secondary conjugation
Imperfect indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | jejugou | jejugava | jejugame | jejugamá | jejugavaha | jejugamaha |
| 2nd | jejudžeḥ | jejudžeta | jejudžete | jejudžešá | jejudžetaha | jejudžehvé |
| 3rd | jejudže | jejudžetou | jejugan | jejudžeta | jejudžetouha | jejuganta |
Future indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | jungšů | jungšava | jungšame | jungšamé | jungšavahé | jungšamahé |
| 2nd | jungšaš | jungšata | jungšate | jungšasé | jungšatahé | jungšahvé |
| 3rd | jungšat | jungšatou | jungšant | jungšaté | jungšatouhé | jungšanté |
Imperative endings
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | - | jungava! | jungame! | - | jungavá! | jungamahá! |
| 2nd | jundže! jundžedhi! | jundžeta! | jundžete! | jundžese! | jundžetá! | jundžehvé! |
| 3rd | jundžetu! | jundžetou! | jungantu! | jundžetá! | jundžetouhá! | jungantá! |
Thematic root class
Infinitive: bensti = to bind
Participles:
- bendhas, bendhanť = pres. active participle
- bandham = passive participle
- benšas, benšanť = future active ptcp.
Primary conjugation
Present indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | bendhů | bendhava | bendhame | bendhamé | bendhavahé | bendhamahé |
| 2nd | bendheš | bendheta | bendhete | bendhesé | bendhetahé | bendhehvé |
| 3rd | bendhet | bendhetou | bendhant | bendheté | bendhetouhé | bendhanté |
Secondary conjugation
Imperfect indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | jebendhou | jebendhava | jebendhame | jebendhamá | jebendhavaha | jebendhamaha |
| 2nd | jebendheḥ | jebendheta | jebendhete | jebendhešá | jebendhetaha | jebendhehva |
| 3rd | jebhende | jebendhetou | jebhendan | jebhendeta | jebendhetouha | jebendhanta |
Future indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | benšů | benšava | benšame | benšamé | benšavahé | benšamahé |
| 2nd | benšaš | benšata | benšate | benšasé | benšatahé | benšahvé |
| 3rd | benšat | benšatou | benšant | benšaté | benšatouhé | benšanté |
Imperative endings
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | - | bendhava! | bendhame! | - | bendhavá! | bendhamahá! |
| 2nd | bendhe! | bendheta! | bendhete! | bendhese! | bendhetá! | bendhehvé! |
| 3rd | bendhetu! | bendhetou! | bendhantu! | bendhetá! | bendhetouhá! | bendhantá! |
Root athematic
- důti (to give): dedům, dedůš, dedůt, ..., dedůnt
- státi (to stand): sestám, sestáš, sestát, ..., sestánt
- dhýti (to do): dedhým, dedhýš, dedhýt, ..., dedhýnt
- anešti (to get): anešmi, anešši, anešt, anešva, anešta, aneštou, anešme, anešte, anešant
bhúti 'to be'
Participles:
- present jsas (m), jsanť (f)
- future bhúšas, bhúšanť
Present
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | jesmi | jsva | jsme |
| 2nd | jesi | jsta | jste |
| 3rd | jest | jstou | jsant |
Forms beginning with js- are pronounced with [çs-] if not after a vowel. (The j is a reflex of PIE h₁.)
Future
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | bhúšů | bhúšava | bhúšame |
| 2nd | bhúšaš | bhúšata | bhúšate |
| 3rd | bhúšat | bhúšatou | bhúšant |
Past ipfv.
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | jebhúm | jebhúva | jebhúme |
| 2nd | jebhúḥ | jebhúta | jebhúte |
| 3rd | jebhú | jebhútou | jebhún |
Imperative
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | - | bhúva! | bhúme! |
| 2nd | bhú! bhúdhi! | bhúta! | bhúte! |
| 3rd | bhútu! | bhútou! | bhúntu! |
Numerals
jév, jévá, jéva (m/f/n) = 1
dvů, dvé, dvé (m/f/n) = 2
tři, třis, tří (m/f/n) = 3
četur, četus, četura (m/f/n) = 4
penče, penčis, penča (m/f/n) = 5
šeš = 6
septa - 7
aštů = 8
jneva = 9
deša = 10
jévurdeša = 11
dvůrdeša = 12
třijurdeša = 13
četurdeša = 14
penčurdeša = 15
šešurdeša = 16
septurdeša = 17
aštůrdeša = 18
jnevurdeša = 19
vížati = 20
jévurvížati = 21
třížat = 30
četuržat = 40
pendžat = 50
šeššat = 60
septažat = 70
aštůžat = 80
jnevažat = 90
šata = 100
žílí = 1000
Syntax
Ilithian has unmarked order SOV: 'The woman sings the song' is Džená gájma gájet. (Using gájma 'song' as an object of gájeti 'to sing' implies specificity. 'Sings a (nonspecific) song' would simply be gájet.)
Ilithian is topic-prominent, so the topic comes first:
- Džená gájma gájet = Onna wa uta wo utau
- Gájma gájet džená = Uta wa onna ga utau
- Žmenou dvů jstou = Hito wa futari ga iru (Of humans, there are two)
- Tam švů jest = Kare wa inu ga iru
The -č or -eč Wackernagel clitic ('and' in Classical Ilithian) becomes an explicit topic particle in later forms of Ilithian.
Sample text
Ilithian textbook
Lesson 2
Ši vír jest. Vír Vrn rekté, taš vnama Vrn jest. Šíč džená jest. Džená Ouhaľá rekté. Vrn Ouhaľaḥ pať jest, Ouhaľáč Vrnaš patní. Žmátů jstou. Tíbha tří dhýná jsant, súnů duhatýreč.
This is a man. The man is called Vrn, his name is Vrn. This is a woman. The woman's name is Ouhaľá. Vrn is Ouhaľá's husband, Ouhaľá is his wife. They are married/a couple. They have three children, two sons and a daughter.
Schleicher's Fable
Avi ješvéč
Avi, jasmej vlná nébhú, jevidat ješvouḥ: jéva tangu važa vežanti, jévač maža bhara, jévač žamana ašu bheranti.