138,726
edits
Indo-Semitic: Difference between revisions
m
→Nouns
m (→Nouns) |
m (→Nouns) |
||
| (12 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
Indo-Semitic preserves the PSem dual and cases, unlike other Semitic languages. | Indo-Semitic (placeholder name) preserves the PSem dual and cases, unlike other Semitic languages. Notably, it shifted the head-initial grammar of Proto-Semitic to a more agglutinative and head-final grammar. | ||
==Nouns== | |||
Nouns have two genders, three numbers (the dual was retained from Proto-Semitic), and 8 to 10 cases depending on the dialect. The nominative, accusative and genitive were inherited from Proto-Semitic, and additional cases were formed by suffixing inflected pronouns (for example, ''beetilu'' 'the house (dative)' from ''*bayti-lahu'' 'the house (gen), for it'). | |||
The construct state was lost. | |||
The cases are: | |||
*nominative | |||
*accusative | |||
*genitive | |||
*dative | |||
*lative~instrumental | |||
*locative | |||
*ablative | |||
*superessive | |||
*comitative (not in all dialects) | |||
*terminative (not in all dialects) | |||
Masculine nouns: ''beet'' 'house' | Masculine nouns: ''beet'' 'house' | ||
| Line 8: | Line 22: | ||
*gen beeti, beetami, beetiimi | *gen beeti, beetami, beetiimi | ||
*dat beetilu, beetallan, beetillen | *dat beetilu, beetallan, beetillen | ||
*lat/ins beetinu, beetannan, | *lat/ins beetinu, beetannan, beetinnen | ||
*loc beetibu, beetabban, | *loc beetibu, beetabban, beetibben | ||
*abl | *abl beetiltu, beetaltan, beetilten | ||
* | *sup beetileu, beetallehan, beetillehen | ||
*com beetemu, beetaman, beetimen | |||
*term beetadu, beetaddan, beetidden | |||
Feminine nouns: ''šarrat'' 'queen' | Feminine nouns: ''šarrat'' 'queen' | ||
| Line 17: | Line 33: | ||
*acc šarrata, šarratama, šarraata | *acc šarrata, šarratama, šarraata | ||
*gen šarrati, šarratami, šarraati | *gen šarrati, šarratami, šarraati | ||
*dat šarratila, šarratallan, | *dat šarratila, šarratallan, šarraatillen | ||
*lat/ins šarratina, šarratannan, | *lat/ins šarratina, šarratannan, šarraatinnen | ||
*loc šarratiba, šarratabban, | *loc šarratiba, šarratabban, šarraatibben | ||
*abl | *abl šarratilta, šarrataltan, šarraatilten | ||
* | *sup šarratilia, šarratallehan, šarraatillehen | ||
*com šarratima, šarrataman, šarratimen | |||
*term šarratadu, šarrataddan, šarraatidden | |||
''-naft'' = emphatic | ''-naft'' = emphatic | ||