Karnišna

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Carnian
Ⰽⰰⱃⱀⰻⱎⱀⰰ Karnišna
Pronunciation[[Help:IPA|ˈkaɾniʃna]]
Created by
Native toItaly
Native speakers- (2013)
Language codes
ISO 639-1-
ISO 639-2-
ISO 639-3-

Carnian, also known as Karnišna (natively), is a South Slavic language spoken in Northern Italy, more specifically in two regions: Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Veneto. The language borders on several languages spoken in the area, namely Slovene, Friulian, Venetian, Italian and German. Carnian is a fairly conservative language (it has dual, for example), but with heavy influence from the neighbouring Romance languages, both in its grammar and vocabulary. The official script of the language is Glagolitic but Latin is used at an increasing rate nowadays.

Background

Phonology

Consonants

The Carnian consonant inventory is fairly simple. There are 32 consonants in total, 9 of which are geminate consonants. Carnian has lost the velar plosive /g/ and turned it into the velar fricative /ɣ/, with [g] being now an allophone of [ɣ]. An interesting feature of the language is also the dental fricative /ð/, which has developed from /d/ in some positions. Despite being a Slavic language, Carnian completely lacks palatal or palatalised consonants (except for /j/ and even that is often considered as a non-vocalic vowel).

Bilabial Labio-dental Dental Alveolar Post-
alveolar
Palatal Velar
Nasal Plain m n
Geminate
Plosive Plain p b t d k
Geminate
Fricative Plain f ð s z ʃ ʒ x ɣ
Geminate
Affricate t͡s t͡ʃ d͡ʒ
Approximant ʋ j w
Trill r
Flap or tap ɾ
Lateral approx. Plain l
Geminate

Vowels

Carnian has 10 vowels total. There is no phonemic distinction between vowel legth but a general rule is that stressed vowels are longer than unstressed vowels.

Front Central Back
Close i y u
Close-mid e ø o
Mid ə
Open-mid ɛ ɔ
Open a

Phonotactics

Orthography

The Latin alphabet of Carnian is close to a phonetic alphabet but with some historical spellings and letters.

Grammar

Nouns

Adjectives

Verbs

Pronouns

Morphology

Syntax