Katäfalsen: Difference between revisions

{{Infobox language

|image=Katafalsen braid-1.png

|name=Katäfalsen

|creator=Resangir

|setting=

|fam1=constructed language

|fam2=artistic language

|script=Latin, Greek, braids

|iso3=none

}}

== Name ==

|The water language

}}

== Phonology ==

!A||B||D||E||F||G||H||I||J||K||L||M||N||O||P||R||S||T||U||W||Ö||Ä

|}

=== Phonotactics ===

The actual phonetic realisation of the phonemes depends a lot on the speaker's sociolect and also on the setting of speech. For example, a standard speaker would imitate a higher sociolect when talking to a dignitary and a lower one when talking to inferiors. Two extremes of the possible realisations are the religious and rural accents. The urban accent is considered standard.

Phonemes that are pronouned in each accent exactly like their symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet are {{IPA|/b/}}, {{IPA|/d/}}, {{IPA|/g/}}, {{IPA|/m/}}, {{IPA|/n/}}, {{IPA|/j/}}, {{IPA|/w/}} and {{IPA|/f/}}. The voiceless plosives {{IPA|/p/}}, {{IPA|/t/}} and {{IPA|/k/}} can be slightly aspirated in all accents. {{IPA|/h/}} is usually the voiceless uvular fricative {{IPA|[χ]}}. {{IPA|/s/}} is both in higher and urban sociolects {{IPA|[s]}} but {{IPA|[ʃ]}} in rural accents, which gives them a much softer sound. Being an alveolar approximant {{IPA|[ɹ]}} in the standard accent, {{IPA|/ɹ/}} is tapped in rural as well as religious accents, i.e. {{IPA|[ɾ]}}. {{IPA|/l/}} is usually velarised in religious accents ({{IPA|[ɫ]}}). An unmistakable indicator of the speaker's sociolect is the realisation of {{IPA|/ʔ/}}: In higher sociolects, the differentiation between {{IPA|/ʔ/}} and {{IPA|/ħ/}} is still prominent, with the pronunciation of the latter being {{IPA|[ħ]}}~{{IPA|[h]}}. Complete deletion of {{IPA|/ʔ/}} occurs in lower sociolects, in this case disappearing {{IPA|/ħ/}} triggers vowel mutation as mentioned in [[#Vowel mutation|Vowel mutation]].

== Grammar ==

==== Declension ====

Nouns are declined in four cases, which are found in a subordinate and a coordinate form each. The total number of cases is therefore eight.

*mowe: ''mo-w-e'', place-2-{{sc|loc}}, 'whenever (you like)'

*moe: ''mo-∅-e'', place-3-{{sc|loc}}, 'then'

== Orthography ==

=== Braid script ===

[[File:Elementary braids of Katafalsen.png|thumb|The braid s₁s₂s₃s₄ consisting of the four elementary braids]]

|}

{| class="wikitable"

|s₃s₄

|style="background:#D0D0D0"|

|}

*The patterns for ''f'', ''s'' and ''h'' are the double patterns of ''p'', ''t'' and ''k''.

The majority of Katäfalsen's vocabulary is derived directly from Old Katäfalsen. While the consonants underwent only marginal changes, the vowel system changed substantially. The phonemes of Old Katäfalsen are:

The syllable structure was a strict (C)(G)V, where C denotes a consonant, G one of the non-syllabic vowels {{IPA|/a̯/}}, {{IPA|/i̯/}} and {{IPA|/u̯/}} and V a vowel.

Most syllables had one of the vowels {{IPA|/i/}}, {{IPA|/u/}} and {{IPA|/ə/}}. Syllables containing one of the other mid vowels showed the following ablaut scheme:

After the development, a second row of sound changes occured, which led to the situation described in [[#Phonology|Phonology]].

*Loss of non-syllabic vowels

**As syllable onsets: a̯ → ħ, i̯ → j, u̯ → w

**After a consonant before ə: Ca̯ə → Ca, Ci̯ə → Ci, Cu̯ə → Cu