409
edits
Kunesian: Difference between revisions
m
→Vowels
Dē Graut Bʉr (talk | contribs) |
Dē Graut Bʉr (talk | contribs) m (→Vowels) |
||
| (4 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 126: | Line 126: | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
In addition, there are | In addition, there are four stressed diphthongs: /aɨ̯/, /ei̯/, /ɔɨ̯/ and /aʉ̯/. /aʉ̯/ only appears in the word /kʰáʉ̯/ "swamp", where it contrasts with /kʰáɨ̯/ "he, she". | ||
In unstressed syllables, only /ɐ e ɨ ʊ/ and sometimes /əɨ̯/ occur. However, /əɨ̯/ merges with /ɨ/ for some speakers. | In unstressed syllables, only /ɐ e ɨ ʊ/ and sometimes /əɨ̯/ occur. However, /əɨ̯/ merges with /ɨ/ for some speakers. | ||
| Line 183: | Line 183: | ||
| gloss = PL house CL(many) | | gloss = PL house CL(many) | ||
| translation = houses, many houses, a village | | translation = houses, many houses, a village | ||
}} | |||
Plurals are also used when making general statements. | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = Ti nilaip nok nipu. | |||
| IPA = /t͡ɕí ɲílɨp nʌ̀k ɲýpʊ/ | |||
| gloss = PL apple GNOM red | |||
| translation = Apples are red. | |||
}} | }} | ||
| Line 341: | Line 350: | ||
The powers of twelve are ''pinai'' (144), ''belu'' (1728) and ''ilarai'' (20736). | The powers of twelve are ''pinai'' (144), ''belu'' (1728) and ''ilarai'' (20736). | ||
The first two ordinals are ''hiôla'' "first" and ''mahai'' "second". Other ordinals are expressed as numeral - mahai: | |||
* tara mahai = third | |||
* naike irek sinai mahai = fifty-fourth | |||
==Verbs== | ==Verbs== | ||
| Line 474: | Line 488: | ||
==Complex sentences== | ==Complex sentences== | ||
Complex sentences are formed by means of various subordinating and coordinating particles. | |||
===''Ed''=== | |||
The particle ''ed'' generally indicates that a subordinate clause follows the main clause. | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = No te <font color="green">ed</font> nerep ku, ku ama naira. | |||
| IPA = /nʌ́ t͡ɕé è ɲǽɾep kɯ́, kɯ́ ámɐ náɨ̯ɾɐ/ | |||
| gloss = 1SG.SUBJ 3SG.OBJ SUB say PST, NEG that know | |||
| translation = I've told him <font color="green">that</font> I don't know that. | |||
}} | |||
It can also be followed by a noun phrase rather than an entire sentence. | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = Nanak hêkai ama <font color="green">ed</font> setai, nezu nitote ad. | |||
| IPA = /nánɐk jèkəɨ̯ ámɐ è ɕéθɨ, ɲǿd͡zʊ ɲýt͡ɕe à/ | |||
| gloss = snow CL(nature) that SUB be, cold rain CL(similar) | |||
| translation = Snow is a kind of cold rain. | |||
}} | |||
===''Man''=== | |||
''Man'' indicates a conditional clause. It is placed at the very end of the clause. | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = Haiwi tede <font color="green">man</font> nok qiwise tire. | |||
| IPA = /ɰɔ́ɨ̯jɨ t͡ɕḛ̀ màn nʌ̀k qʰýɕe t͡ɕíɾe/ | |||
| gloss = beer drink if GNOM drunk FUT | |||
| translation = <font color="green">If</font> you drink beer, you get drunk. | |||
}} | |||
It is used more often than "if" in English, and may sometimes better be translated using a relative clause. | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = Nilaip lino minte, no ne peste ku <font color="green">man</font>. | |||
| IPA = /ɲílɨp ʎínɐ mʲḭ̀t͡ɕe, nʌ́ ɲé p͡çèɕːe kɯ́ màn/ | |||
| gloss = apple tongue confuse, 1SG.SUBJ TEL eat PST if | |||
| translation = The apple I just ate tasted weird. | |||
}} | |||
===''Heh''=== | |||
===Other particles=== | |||
==Sample== | ==Sample== | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||