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Kyravar Maři: Difference between revisions
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''' | '''Kyravar Mazhi''' is a Dravidian language spoken in [[Lõis]]'s Balkans. For a while it evolved in a sprachbund with eastern dialects of Glommish. | ||
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--> | --> | ||
==History== | |||
Kyravar Maři is a descendant of Old Tamil which emerged from a Chola era settlement in the Balkans. | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
consonants: | |||
*p t ʈ k = p t ť k | |||
*m n ɳ ŋ = m n ň ng | |||
*f θ s ʂ~ʐ x = v þ s zh h | |||
*j r l ɭ w = j r l ľ ł | |||
Kyravar Maři consonants come in broad/slender pairs unlike Tamil. The slender counterparts of /k ŋ x/ are /c ɲ ç/; retroflexes do not palatalize. | |||
{|class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="text-align:center" | |||
|- | |||
|+'''Kyravar Maři consonant phonemes''' | |||
!rowspan="2" colspan="2"| | |||
!colspan="2" | Labial | |||
!colspan="2" | Dental | |||
!colspan="2" |Alveolar | |||
!rowspan="2" | Retroflex | |||
!rowspan="2" | Palatal | |||
!rowspan="2" | Velar | |||
|- | |||
! <small>plain</small> | |||
! <small>pal.</small> | |||
! <small>plain</small> | |||
! <small>pal.</small> | |||
! <small>plain</small> | |||
! <small>pal.</small> | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="2"| Nasal | |||
| {{IPA|m}} || {{IPA|mʲ}} | |||
| {{IPA|n̪}} || | |||
| || {{IPA|nʲ}} | |||
| {{IPA|ɳ}} | |||
| {{IPA|ɲ}} | |||
| {{IPA|ŋ}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="2" | Stop | |||
| {{IPA|p}} || {{IPA|pʲ}} | |||
| {{IPA|t̪}} || | |||
| || {{IPA|tɕ}} | |||
| {{IPA|ʈ}} | |||
| {{IPA|c}} | |||
| {{IPA|k}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="2"|Fricative | |||
| {{IPA|f~v}} || {{IPA|fʲ~vʲ}} | |||
| {{IPA|θ}} || {{IPA|θʲ}} | |||
| {{IPA|s}} || {{IPA|ɕ}} | |||
| {{IPA|ʂ~ʐ}} | |||
| {{IPA|ç}} | |||
| {{IPA|x}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2| Trill | |||
| || | |||
| || | |||
| {{IPA|r}} ||{{IPA|rʲ}} | |||
| || | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2| Approximant | |||
| {{IPA|w}} || | |||
| || | |||
| || {{IPA|l}} | |||
| {{IPA|ɭ}} | |||
| {{IPA|j}} || | |||
|} | |||
====Eclipsis==== | |||
{{PAGENAME}} has eclipsis, where initial ''p, t, ť, k'' becomes ''m-p, n-t, ň-ť, ng-k''. For words beginning with a vowel, ''n-'' is added. | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{{PAGENAME}} has two short and three long vowels. | |||
*i, y, e, a = ʲɨ, ɨ, ʲa, a | |||
*aa = á | |||
*ʲaa = já | |||
*ii = ý | |||
*ʲii = í | |||
*uu = ú | |||
*ʲuu = jú | |||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
====Stress==== | ====Stress==== | ||
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<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | <!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | ||
===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Nouns=== | |||
The plural suffix can be ''-kaľ'' or ''-ngaľ''. | |||
* ''maram'' 'tree', ''marángaľ'' 'trees' | |||
* ''mannar'' 'king', ''mannarkaľ'' 'kings' | |||
* ''vazhi'' 'path', ''vazhikaľ'' 'paths' | |||
* ''illam'' 'house', ''illángaľ'' 'houses' | |||
* ''yňmý'', ''právta'' 'truth'; ''yňmýkaľ'', ''právtakaľ'' 'truths' | |||
* ''úplaka'' 'cloud', ''úplakakaľ'' 'clouds' | |||
- | To form the genitive case, the final consonant is slenderized, and then the following (possessed) noun undergoes eclipsis if the possessor is singular: ''mannarı n-illam'' 'the king's house'. | ||
===Articles=== | |||
The definite article in Kyravar Maři is ''i / in''. | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
===Constituent order=== | ===Constituent order=== | ||
Kyravar Maři is VSO. | |||
===Noun phrase=== | ===Noun phrase=== | ||
===Verb phrase=== | ===Verb phrase=== | ||
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===Dependent clauses=== | ===Dependent clauses=== | ||
<!-- etc. etc. --> | <!-- etc. etc. --> | ||
==Numbers== | |||
# áry | |||
# jáňťy | |||
# múry | |||
# njángy | |||
# ýny | |||
# ýnary | |||
# júřy | |||
# jaťťy | |||
# ámaty | |||
# patty | |||
# pannary | |||
# pannjáňťy | |||
# pammúry | |||
# pannjángy | |||
# pannýny | |||
# pannýnary | |||
# pannjúřy | |||
# pannjaťťy | |||
# pannámaty | |||
# iryvaty | |||
# iryvattary | |||
# iryvattjáňťy | |||
# iryvattimúry | |||
# iryvattinjángy | |||
# iryvattýny | |||
# iryvattýnary | |||
# iryvattjúřy | |||
# iryvattjaťťy | |||
# iryvattámaty | |||
The multiples of 10 from 30 to 110 are: ''muppaty'' (30), ''njáspaty'' (40), ''ýmaty'' (50), ''arvaty'' (60), ''júřvaty'' (70), ''eňpaty'' (80), ''tyľpaty'' (90), ''pámaty'' (100), ''pannarvaty'' (110). | |||
'' | |||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||
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[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Dravidian languages]] | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | |||
[[Category:Lõis]] | |||