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Laefêvëši/Verbs: Difference between revisions
→Auxilliary verb álaj (to be)
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There are three types of causative derived from the original causative above: | There are three types of causative derived from the original causative above: | ||
* '''-ajsk-''' is the default | * '''-ajsk-''' is the neutral or default causative that means both "make" and "cause" | ||
* '''-ejst-''' is the volitional causative: to make on purpose, to force | * '''-ejst-''' is the volitional causative: to make on purpose, to force | ||
* '''-ojst-''' is the non-volitional causatve: to cause by accident | * '''-ojst-''' is the non-volitional causatve: to cause by accident | ||
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| ens- || ''ensá'' | | ens- || ''ensá'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Hypothetical | ||
| env- || ''envá'' | | env- || ''envá'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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! !! -VIJ forms!! -LAJ forms !! -VAJ forms !! Stem !! ''Meaning'' | ! !! -VIJ forms!! -LAJ forms !! -VAJ forms !! Stem !! ''Meaning'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Gerund | ! Gerund (verbal noun) | ||
| -voi || -loi || -noi || no, C1 || ''Nominalised verb.'' | | -voi || -loi || -noi || no, C1 || ''Nominalised verb.'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Present Active Gerund I | ! Present Gerundive<br><small>(Present Active Gerund I)</small> | ||
| -(i)tat || -(i)lat || -(i)nat || yes || ''Simultaneous events.'' | | -(i)tat || -(i)lat || -(i)nat || yes || ''Simultaneous events.'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Present Active Gerund II | ! Adverbial Gerundive<br><small>(Present Active Gerund II)</small> | ||
| -(i)taot || -(i)laot || -(i)naot || yes || ''An adverb of manner.'' | | -(i)taot || -(i)laot || -(i)naot || yes || ''An adverb of manner.'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Past Active Gerund | ! Past Gerundive<br><small>(Past Active Gerund)</small> | ||
| | -(i)tait || -(i)lait || -(i)nait || yes || ''An action completed prior to the action of the main verb.'' | | | -(i)tait || -(i)lait || -(i)nait || yes || ''An action completed prior to the action of the main verb.'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Present Active Participle | ! Relative Participle<br><small>(Present Active Participle)</small> | ||
| -(i)ti / -iei- || -(i)di / -iei- || -(i)ni / -iei- || yes || ''Adjectvies, replace certain relative clauses.'' | | -(i)ti / -iei- || -(i)di / -iei- || -(i)ni / -iei- || yes || ''Adjectvies, replace certain relative clauses.'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Past Active Participle II | ! Qualitative Participle<br><small>(Past Active Participle II)</small> | ||
| -(i)tui / -iyi- || -(i)dui / -iyi- || -(i)nui / -iyi- || yes || ''Adjectvies, a quality acquired through action in the past.'' | | -(i)tui / -iyi- || -(i)dui / -iyi- || -(i)nui / -iyi- || yes || ''Adjectvies, a quality acquired through action in the past.'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Past Passive Participle | ! Temporal Participle | ||
| -(i)tuei|| -(i)duei || -(i)nuei || yes || ''Adjectvies, replace temporal relative clauses.'' | |||
|- | |||
! Locational Participle | |||
| -(i)tuai || -(i)duai || -(i)nuai || yes || ''Adjectvies, replace locational relative clauses.'' | |||
|- | |||
! Adjectival Participle<br><small>(Past Passive Participle)</small> | |||
| -isi || -isi || -isi || no || ''Adjectives.'' | | -isi || -isi || -isi || no || ''Adjectives.'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Past Active Participle I | ! Descriptive Participle<br><small>(Past Active Participle I)</small> | ||
| -rii ''(sg)''<br>-rie ''(du)''<br>-ria ''(pl)''|| | -nii ''(sg)''<br>-nie ''(du)''<br>-nia ''(pl)''|| | -gii ''(sg)''<br>-gie ''(du)''<br>-gia ''(pl)'' || yes* || ''Participles used to form compound tenses.'' | | -rii ''(sg)''<br>-rie ''(du)''<br>-ria ''(pl)''|| | -nii ''(sg)''<br>-nie ''(du)''<br>-nia ''(pl)''|| | -gii ''(sg)''<br>-gie ''(du)''<br>-gia ''(pl)'' || yes* || ''Participles used to form compound tenses.'' | ||
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