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Literature talk:Schleicher's fable: Difference between revisions
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m (Praimhín moved page Proto-Wakanic to Proto-Veraic: Proto-Wakanic is an earlier stage) |
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'''Proto- | '''Proto-Veraic''' is the ancestor of [[Verapamil]] and [[Diltiazem]]. It's part of the "CW complex" spoken in eastern Cuadhlabh. | ||
It's inspired by Old Turkic. | It's inspired by Old Turkic. | ||
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
Proto- | Proto-Veraic is reconstructed with the following consonants: | ||
* The voiceless stops *p (labial), *t (dental), *c (palatal), *k (velar) and *kʷ (labialized velar). The Verapamil reflexes of these sounds are the fricatives ''f'', ''s'', ''hy'', ''h'' and ''hw'' respectively. In Diltiazem, these sounds surface as voiceless aspirated stops, except for *c which becomes ''th'' /θ/. | * The voiceless stops *p (labial), *t (dental), *c (palatal), *k (velar) and *kʷ (labialized velar). The Verapamil reflexes of these sounds are the fricatives ''f'', ''s'', ''hy'', ''h'' and ''hw'' respectively. In Diltiazem, these sounds surface as voiceless aspirated stops, except for *c which becomes ''th'' /θ/. | ||
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* *ř, which becomes ''zh'' in Verapamil and ''sh'' /ʃ/ in Diltiazem. | * *ř, which becomes ''zh'' in Verapamil and ''sh'' /ʃ/ in Diltiazem. | ||
Proto- | Proto-Veraic, like most modern Veraic languages, had five vowels: *a, *e, *i, *o, *u; which can be short or long. Long vowels are written with a macron. | ||
There were also two diphthongs: *ai and *au. | There were also two diphthongs: *ai and *au. | ||
Proto- | Proto-Veraic allowed consonant clusters of up to three consonants before a vowel. | ||
==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
Proto- | Proto-Veraic morphosyntax was somewhat unusual by CW standards: | ||
* unmarked OVS word order (not attested in any modern CW language), | * unmarked OVS word order (not attested in any modern CW language), | ||
* topic-comment syntax (as in [[Belen]]), | * topic-comment syntax (as in [[Belen]]), | ||
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* generally isolating (modern CW languages are either agglutinating, like Verapamil, or fusional, like [[Clofabosin]]). | * generally isolating (modern CW languages are either agglutinating, like Verapamil, or fusional, like [[Clofabosin]]). | ||
However, Proto- | However, Proto-Veraic also had some grammatical features common in CW languages such as: | ||
* head-final syntax (e.g. postpositions, complementizers after the verb, adjectives and relative clauses before the noun), | * head-final syntax (e.g. postpositions, complementizers after the verb, adjectives and relative clauses before the noun), | ||
* tense agreement, | * tense agreement, | ||
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===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Proto- | Proto-Veraic nouns had four cases: nominative, dative, ablative and locative, but no grammatical gender or number. | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 220px; text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 220px; text-align: center;" | ||