Luthic: Difference between revisions

Luthic (view source)

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phonotactics and prosody

Lëtzelúcia

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 * Latin ''speculum'' [ˈs̠pɛ.ku.ɫ̪ũː ~ ˈs̠pɛ.kʊ.ɫ̪ũː] ~ Luthic ''speclȯ'' [ˈspɛ.klo].
 * Latin ''avunculus'' [äˈu̯uŋ.ku.ɫ̪us̠ ~ äˈu̯ʊŋ.kʊ.ɫ̪ʊs̠] > Luthic ''avogclo'' [ɐˈvoŋ.klu].
+====Phonotactics====
+Luthic allows up to three consonants in syllable-initial position, though there are limitations. The syllable structure of Luthic is (C)(C)(C)(G)V(G)(C)(C). As with English, there exist many words that begin with three consonants. Luthic lacks bimoraic (diphthongs and long vowels), as the so-called diphthongs are composed of one semiconsonantal (glide) sound [j] or [w].
+{| class="wikitable"  style="text-align: center;"
+! C₁ !! C₂ !! C₃
+|+ '''Onset'''
+|-
+| f v p b t d k ɡ || ɾ || j w
+|-
+| s || p k || ɾ l
+|-
+| s || f t || ɾ
+|-
+| z || b || l
+|-
+| z || d ɡ || ɾ
+|-
+| z || m n v d͡ʒ ɾ l || —
+|-
+| p b f v k ɡ || ɾ l || —
+|-
+| ɡ || n l || —
+|-
+| pʰ t tʰ kʰ d || ɾ || —
+|-
+| θ || v ɾ || —
+|-
+|kʷ ɡʷ t͡s t͡ʃ d͡ʒ ʃ h ð ʁ ɲ l ʎ || — || —
+|}
+'''CC'''
+* /s/ + any voiceless stop or /f/;
+* /z/ + any voiced stop, /v d͡ʒ m n l ɾ/;
+* /f v/, or any stop + /ɾ/;
+* /f v/, or any stop except /t d/ + /l/;
+* /f v s z/, or any stop or nasal + /j w/;
+* In Graeco-Roman words origin which are only partially assimilated, other combinations such as /pn/ (e.g. ''pneumatico''), /mn/ (e.g. ''mnemonico''), /tm/ (e.g. ''tmesi''), and /ps/ (e.g. ''pseudo-'') occur.
+As an onset, the cluster /s/ + voiceless consonant is inherently unstable. Phonetically, word-internal s+C normally syllabifies as [s.C]. A competing analysis accepts that while the syllabification /s.C/ is accurate historically, modern retreat of i-[[w:Prothesis (linguistics)|prosthesis]] before word initial /s/+C (e.g. ''miþ isforza'' “with effort” has generally given way to ''miþ sforzȧ'') suggests that the structure is now underdetermined, with occurrence of /s.C/ or /.sC/ variable “according to the context and the idiosyncratic behaviour of the speakers.”
+'''CCC'''
+* /s/ + voiceless stop or /f/ + /ɾ/;
+* /z/ + voiced stop + /ɾ/;
+* /s/ + /p k/ + /l/;
+* /z/ + /b/ + /l/;
+* /f v/ or any stop + /ɾ/ + /j w/.
+{| class="wikitable"  style="text-align: center;"
+! V₁ !! V₂ !! V₃
+|+ '''Nucleus'''
+|-
+| a ɐ e ɛ || i [j] u [w] || —
+|-
+| o ɔ || i [j]|| —
+|-
+| i [j] || e o || —
+|-
+| i [j] || ɐ ɛ ɔ || i [j]
+|-
+| i [j] || u [w] || o
+|-
+| u [w] || ɐ ɛ ɔ || i [j]
+|-
+| u [w] || e o || —
+|-
+| u [w] || i || —
+|}
+The nucleus is the only mandatory part of a syllable and must be a vowel or a diphthong. In a falling diphthong the most common second elements are /i̯/ or /u̯/. Combinations of /j w/ with vowels are often labelled diphthongs, allowing for combinations of /j w/ with falling diphthongs to be called triphthongs. One view holds that it is more accurate to label /j w/ as consonants and /jV wV/ as consonant-vowel sequences rather than rising diphthongs. In that interpretation, Luthic has only falling diphthongs (phonemically at least, cf. [[w:Synaeresis|Synaeresis]]) and no triphthongs.
+{| class="wikitable"  style="text-align: center;"
+! C₁ !! C₂
+|+ '''Coda'''
+|-
+| m n l ɾ || Cₓ
+|-
+| Cₓ || —
+|}
+Luthic permits a small number of coda consonants. Outside of loanwords, the permitted consonants are:
+* The first element of any geminate.
+* A nasal consonant that is either /n/ (word-finally) or one that is homorganic to a following consonant.
+* /ɾ/ and /l/.
+* /s/ (though not before fricatives).
+=====Prosody=====
+Luthic is quasi-[[w:Paroxytone|paroxytonic]], meaning that most words receive stress on their penultimate (second-to-last) syllable. Monosyllabic words tend to lack stress in their only syllable, unless emphasised or accentuated. Enclitic and other unstressed personal pronouns do not affect stress patterns. Some monosyllabic words may have natural stress (even if not emphasised), but it is weaker than those in polysyllabic words.
+* ''rasda'' (ʀᴀ-sda ~ ʀᴀs-da) /ˈʁa.zdɐ ~ ˈʁaz.dɐ/;
+* ''Italia'' (i-ᴛᴀ-lia) /iˈta.ljɐ];
+* ''approssimativamente'' (ap-pros-si-ma-ti-va-ᴍᴇɴ-te) /ɐp.pɾos.si.mɐ.θi.vɐˈmen.te/.
+Compound words have secondary stress on their penultimate syllable. Some suffixes also maintain the suffixed word secondary stress.
+* ''panzar'' + ''campo'' + ''vaġno'' > ''panzarcampovaġno'' (ᴘᴀɴ-zar-ᴄᴀᴍ-po-ᴠᴀ-ġno) /ˌpan.t͡sɐɾˌkam.poˈvaɲ.ɲu/;
+* ''broþar'' + ''-scape'' > ''broþarscape'' (ʙʀᴏ-þar-sᴄᴀ-pe) /ˌbɾo.θɐɾˈska.fe/.
+Secondary stress is however often omitted by Italian influence. Tetrasyllabic (and beyond) words may have a very weak secondary stress in the fourth-to-last syllable (i.e. two syllables before the main or primary stress).