Luthic: Difference between revisions

Luthic (view source)

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 ==Dialectology==
-Luthic has many [[w:Sociolect|sociolects]], whose differ in phonology and grammar; Standard Luthic is the only form who declines noun by cases, other informal sociolects are way closer to other Romance languages in grammar (restrict [[w:Register (sociolinguistics)|register]]). Whereas sociolect refers to a variation in language between different social groups, dialect is a language variation based upon a geographical location, and Luthic has a small geographical area, however, a major dialect is found nearby Ferrara, who was first mentioned when it was conquered by Germanic tribe the Lombards in 753 CE, and the Byzantine Empire lost its rule over the city. It was gifted to the [[w:Holy See|Holy See]] by the Franks in either 754 or 756 CE, and was led by the Bishops of Ravenna. Benedictine and Cistercian monasteries started reclaiming Podeltan lands in the 9th century. This contact with West Germanic languages, and the lesser presence of East Germanic influence (unlike Ravenna) modelled some sound changes in discrepancy when compared to Standard Luthic.
+Luthic has many [[w:Sociolect|sociolects]], whose differ in phonology and grammar; Standard Luthic is the only form who declines noun by cases, other informal sociolects are way closer to other Romance languages in grammar (restrict [[w:Register (sociolinguistics)|register]]). Whereas sociolect refers to a variation in language between different social groups, dialect is a language variation based upon a geographical location, and Luthic has a small geographical area, however, a major dialect is found nearby Ferrara, who was first mentioned when it was conquered by Germanic tribe the Lombards in 753 CE, and the Byzantine Empire lost its rule over the city. It was gifted to the [[w:Holy See|Holy See]] by the Franks in either 754 or 756 CE, and was led by the Bishops of Ravenna. Benedictine and Cistercian monasteries started reclaiming Podeltan lands in the 9th century. This contact with West Germanic languages, and the lesser presence of East Germanic influence (unlike Ravenna) modelled some sound changes in discrepancy when compared to Standard Luthic. This dialect is often called '''Ferraresi Luthic''' or '''Upper Luthic'''.
+===Main phonetic differences===
+* '''Thorn fortition:''' /θ/ is fortified to /t/ in every position:
+:* ''þû'' [ˈθu] > ''tû'' [ˈtu].
+* '''H elision:''' /h ~ ç/ is elided in every position:
+:* ''hemenȯ'', ''hemena'' [çeˈme.no çeˈme.nɐ] > ''emen'', ''emena'' [e.men e.me.nɐ];
+* '''Vowel fracture:''' Luthic strong vowels become diphthongs, ai /ɛ/ > ai /ɐj/, au /ɔ/ > au /aw/, ei /i/ > ei /ɐj/:
+:* ''aino'' [ˈɛ.nu] > ''ain'' [ɐjn];
+:* ''hauviþȯ'', ''hauviþa'' [ˈhɔ.vi.θo ˈhɔ.vi.θɐ] > ''auvit'', ''auvita'' [ɐw.vit ɐw.vi.tɐ];
+:* ''þeino'' [ˈθi.nu] > ''tein'' [tɐjn].
+* '''Monophthongisation:''' Luthic diphthong /ju/ is monophthongised to /y/:
+:* ''diusȯ'' [ˈdju.zo] > ''deus'' [dys].
+* '''Loss of untressed final vowels and terminal devoicing:''' Every unstressed vowel is dropped, except in plurals, monosyllabic words and verbs; terminal consonants are devoiced (except if sonorants):
+:* ''geva'', ''gevai'' [ˈd͡ʒe.vɐ ˈd͡ʒe.vɛ] > ''gef'', ''geve'' [ʒef ʒe.ve];
+:* ''manago'', ''managi'' [mɐˈna.ɣ˕u mɐˈna.d͡ʒi] > ''manac'', ''managi'' [mɐ.nɐk mɐ.nɐ.ʒi].
+* '''Deaffrication:''' Affricates are lenited to fricatives:
+:* ''ce'' [t͡ʃe] > ''ce'' [ʃe];
+:* ''gi'' [d͡ʒi] > ''gi'' [ʒi].
+* '''Loss of stress:''' Stress is fully lost, together with Gorgia Toscana:
+:* ''qotidiano'' [kʷo.θiˈdja.nu] > ''qotidian'' [kʷo.ti.djɐn].
+::* This also triggers the loss of stressed phonemes, such as /a/ and /ʁ/.
+* '''Degemination:''' Lack of gemination as a distinctive feature:
+:* ''grassa'' [ˈɡɾas.sɐ] and ''grasȯ'' [ˈɡɾa.zo] > ''gras'' [ɡɾɐs];
+:* ''oreccla'' [oˈʁek.klɐ] > ''oreccl'' [o.ɾekl].
+===Sample text and comparison===
 ==Vocabulary==