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Mannish: Difference between revisions
→Nasals
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The letters c, q, x, y, and z are only used in a small number of recent loanwords. Most older loanwords have been assimilated into the standard orthographical conventions, with younger ones retaining their native orthography to one degree or another. | The letters c, q, x, y, and z are only used in a small number of recent loanwords. Most older loanwords have been assimilated into the standard orthographical conventions, with younger ones retaining their native orthography to one degree or another. | ||
For example, ''Mín Notebook'' "My Notebook" (as in the computer) has yet to be altered due to how recent of a loan it is, while ''Míné | For example, ''Mín Notebook'' "My Notebook" (as in the computer) has yet to be altered due to how recent of a loan it is, while ''Míné twalette'' "My toilet" has already been altered due to it being an older loanword from French. | ||
The orthography is largely regular, albeit not completely intuitive to speakers of, say, English. The vowels are fairly straightforward, while the consonants have more ambiguities that are not inherently evident at first glance. | The orthography is largely regular, albeit not completely intuitive to speakers of, say, English. The vowels are fairly straightforward, while the consonants have more ambiguities that are not inherently evident at first glance. | ||
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====Allophonic Variation==== | ====Allophonic Variation==== | ||
=====Nasals===== | =====Nasals===== | ||
The phonemes /m/ and /n/ are both subject to significant allophony before fricatives. Before the fricatives /f θ s ç/ both sounds denasalize and shift place of articulation to assimilate with the appropriate fricative. Before /p b t d k g/ the nasals assimilate completely, resulting in gemination of the original velars. This change is not reflected in the orthography. | The phonemes /m/ and /n/ are both subject to significant allophony before fricatives. Before the fricatives /f θ s ç/ both sounds denasalize and shift place of articulation to assimilate with the appropriate fricative, the resulting affricate is reduced to the base fricative if another consonant follows (or was historically pronounced but no longer is). Before /p b t d k g/ the nasals assimilate completely, resulting in gemination of the original velars, unless before another consonant, in which case the gemination is no longer present. This change is not always reflected in the orthography. | ||
Example: | Example: | ||
* ''éksénþe'' "they beg" [ˈeːˌt͡sæ:t̪͡θe] | * ''éksénþe'' "they beg" [ˈeːˌt͡sæ:t̪͡θe] | ||
* ''tungé'' "tongue" [ˈtugːeː] | * ''tungé'' "tongue" [ˈtugːeː] | ||
* ''þanht'' "thought" [ | * ''þanht'' "thought" [θɑç] | ||
* ''þankn'' "to thank" [ | * ''þankn'' "to thank" [ˈθɑkŋ̩] | ||
* ''þankjn'' "to think" [ˈθɑçɲ̩] | * ''þankjn'' "to think" [ˈθɑçɲ̩] | ||
* ''sumpa'' "fungus" [ˈsupːɑ] (contrasts with ''supa'' "soup" [ˈsupɑ]) | * ''sumpa'' "fungus" [ˈsupːɑ] (contrasts with ''supa'' "soup" [ˈsupɑ]) | ||
* ''sumf'' "swamp" [sup͡f] | * ''sumf'' "swamp" [sup͡f] | ||
* ''sandn'' "to send" [ | * ''sandn'' "to send" [ˈsɑdn̩] | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||