112
edits
Metin: Difference between revisions
no edit summary
Greatbuddha (talk | contribs) |
Greatbuddha (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
| Line 8: | Line 8: | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ Pairs of consonant realizations and their romanizations are presented. Some consonants are romanized differently depending on whether or not they are in the onset or coda of a syllable, these are presented as comma separated pairs. Those which are marginal are indicated with an asterisk. Tildes separate the multiple realizations of a given singular consonant phoneme. | |+ Pairs of consonant realizations and their romanizations are presented. Some consonants are romanized differently depending on whether or not they are in the onset or coda of a syllable, these are presented as comma separated pairs. Those which are marginal are indicated with an asterisk. Tildes separate the multiple realizations of a given singular consonant phoneme. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Manner↓ Place→ !!Bilabial !! Dental !! Lateral !! Alveolar !! Alveopalatal !! Retroflex !! Palatal !! Velar !! Labiovelar !! Uvular !! Glottal | !Manner↓ Place→ !!Bilabial !! Dental !! Lateral !! Alveolar !! Alveopalatal !! Retroflex !! Palatal !! Velar !! Labiovelar !! Uvular !! Glottal | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Voiceless Stop | ! Voiceless Stop | ||
|/p/ p* ||/t̪/ t || || || ||/ʈ/ th ||/c/ c ||/k/ k ||/k͡p/ kp ||/q/ q || | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Voiced Stop | ! Voiced Stop | ||
|/b/ b* ||/d̪/ d || || || ||/ɖ/ d̨ ||/ɟ/ j ||/g/ g ||/g͡b/ gb || || | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Breathy Stop | ! Breathy Stop | ||
|/bʰ/ bh ||/d̪ʰ/ dh || || || ||/ɖʰ/ d̨h ||/ɟʰ/ jh ||/gʰ/ gh ||/g͡bʰ/ gbh || || | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Ejective Stop | ! Ejective Stop | ||
| ||/t̪ʼ/ t' || || || ||/ʈʼ/ th' ||/cʼ/ c' ||/kʼ/ k' ||/k͡pʼ/ kp' ||/qʼ/ q' || | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Nasal Stop | ! Nasal Stop | ||
|/m~n/ m,n|| || || || || || || || || || | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Voiceless Fricative | ! Voiceless Fricative | ||
|/f/ f ||/θ/ tj,t ||/ɬ/ ł ||/s/ s ||/ɕ/ sx ||/ʂ/ sh ||/ç/ ç,c ||/x/ x || || || | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Voiceless Affricate | ! Voiceless Affricate | ||
| || ||/t͡ɬ/ tł ||/t͡s/ ts ||/t͡ɕ/ cx ||/ʈ͡ʂ/ ch || ||/ɣ/ gj,g || || || | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Voiced Fricative | ! Voiced Fricative | ||
|/β/ w ||/ð/ dj,d ||/ɮ/ ɮ ||/z/ z ||/ʑ/ zx ||/ʐ/ z̨ ||/ʝ/ y || || || || /h/ h | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Voiced Affricate | ! Voiced Affricate | ||
| || ||/d͡l/ dl* ||/d͡z/ dz* ||/d͡ʑ/ jx ||/ɖ͡ʐ/ j̨ || || || || || | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Breathy Fricative | ! Breathy Fricative | ||
|/βʰ/ wh ||/ðʰ/ dhj,dh||/ɮʰ/ ɮʰ ||/zʰ/ zh ||/ʑʰ/ zxh ||/ʐʰ/ z̨h ||/ʝʰ/ yh || || || || | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Breathy Affricate | ! Breathy Affricate | ||
| || ||/d͡lʰ/ dlh*/||/d͡zʰ/ dzh*||/d͡ʑʰ/ jxh ||/ɖʐʰ/ j̨h || || || || || | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Ejective Affricate | ! Ejective Affricate | ||
| ||/t̪͡θʼ/ tj' ||/t͡ɬʼ/ tł' ||/t͡sʼ/ ts' ||/t͡ɕʼ/ cx' ||/ʈ͡ʂʼ/ ch' || || || ||/qχʼ/ qx'|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Velar Affricate | ! Velar Affricate | ||
|/p͡x/ px || || || || ||/ʈ͡x/ thx || || || || || | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Velar EJective Affricate | ! Velar EJective Affricate | ||
|/pxʼ/ px' ||/t̪xʼ/ tx' || || || ||/ʈ͡xʼ/ thx' || ||/k͡xʼ/ kx' || || || | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Approximant | ! Approximant | ||
|/w/ u || ||/l/ l || || || ||/j/ i || || ||/ʀ/ r || | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Trill | ! Trill | ||
| || || || || || || || || || || | |||
|} | |} | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{| | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ Pairs of consonant realizations and their romanizations are presented. | |+ Pairs of consonant realizations and their romanizations are presented. | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Height↓ Backness→ !! Front !! Central !! Back | ! Height↓ Backness→ !! Front !! Central !! Back | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Close | !Close | ||
|/i/ i ||/ɨ/ į ||/u/ u | |||
|- | |- | ||
!Mid | !Mid | ||
|/e̞/ e ||/ə/ ą ||/o/ o | |||
|- | |- | ||
!Open | !Open | ||
|/æ/ ę ||/ä/ a ||/ɒ/ ǫ | |||
|} | |} | ||