39,443
edits
Millennish: Difference between revisions
→Noun and verb phrases
No edit summary |
|||
| (11 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] | |fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] | ||
|familycolor = Indo-European | |familycolor = Indo-European | ||
|ancestor = [[ | |ancestor = [[Old Millennish]] | ||
|creator = Dillon Hartwig | |creator = Dillon Hartwig | ||
|script = Latn | |script = Latn | ||
| Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
''Millennish'' is from ''Millenneš'', from Old Millennish ''Midlendeskar'', from Proto-Germanic ''*mid(ja)landiskaz''. | |||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
Millennish is written with the Latin script. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! A a !! Aa aa !! Ai ai !! Aai aai !! Au au !! Aau aau !! B b !! Ch ch | |||
|- | |||
| /a/ || /ɑː/ || /ai/ || /ɑːi/ || /au/ || /ɑːu/ || /b/ || /x/ | |||
|- | |||
! D d !! Ď ď !! E e !! Ee ee !! Ei ei !! Eu eu !! F f !! H h | |||
|- | |||
| /d/ || /ɟ/ || /e/ || /eə/ || /ɛi/ || /œy/ || /f/ || /h/ | |||
|- | |||
! I i !! Ie ie !! J j !! K k !! L l !! Ľ ľ !! M m !! N n | |||
|- | |||
| /i/ || /iə/ || /j/ || /k/ || /l/ || /ʎ/ || /m/ || /n/ | |||
|- | |||
! Ň ň !! O o !! Oe oe !! Ö ö !! P p !! R r !! S s !! Ś ś | |||
|- | |||
| /ɲ/ || /o/ || /oə/ || /œ/ || /p/ || /r/ || /s/ || /ɕ/ | |||
|- | |||
! Š š !! T t !! Ť ť !! U u !! Ue ue !! Ü ü !! V v !! W w | |||
|- | |||
| /ʃ/ || /t/ || /c/ || /u/ || /uə/ || /y/ || /v/ || /w/ | |||
|- | |||
! Y y !! Z z !! Ź ź !! Ž ž | |||
|- | |||
| /ɪə/ || /z/ || /ʑ/ || /ʒ/ | |||
|} | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Consonants | |||
|- | |||
! !! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]] !! [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | |||
| colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Stop consonant|Stop]] | |||
| [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]] || [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]] || [[w:Voiceless palatal stop|c]] || [[w:Voiced palatal stop|ɟ]] || [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]] | |||
| [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]] || [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] || [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] [[w:Voiceless alveopalatal fricative|ɕ]] || [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]] [[w:Voiced alveopalatal fricative|ʑ]] || [[w:Voiceless velar fricative|x]] || || [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]] | |||
| colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]] [[w:Voiced palatal lateral approximant|ʎ]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Trill|Trill]] | |||
| colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]] | |||
|} | |||
*/x/ is in free variation with [χ]. | |||
*/r/ is in free variation with [ʁ]. | |||
*/h/ is realized as [ɦ] intervocalically. | |||
*/l/ is realized as [ɫ] in coda. | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Vowels | |||
|- | |||
! !! [[w:Front vowel|Front]] [[w:Unrounded vowel|unrounded]] !! [[w:Front vowel|Front]] [[w:Rounded vowel|rounded]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Close vowel|High]] | |||
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]] | |||
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] || [[w:Open-mid front rounded vowel|œ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]] | |||
| [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|a]] || || [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑː]] | |||
|} | |||
*Unstressed /i,y,u,{e,a},o/ are realized as [ɪ,ʏ,ʊ,ə,ɔ]. | |||
**[ə]-sonorant and [ə]-voiced fricative sequences are realized as syllabic consonants. | |||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Diphthongs | |||
|- | |||
| iə ɪə || uə | |||
|- | |||
| eə || oə | |||
|- | |||
| ɛi || œy | |||
|- | |||
| ai ɑːi || au ɑːu | |||
|} | |||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
Stress is variable but predominantly initial. | |||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
Millennish maximal syllables are CCCVCCC; all CCC clusters contain /s/ | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
| Line 37: | Line 127: | ||
===Noun and verb phrases=== | ===Noun and verb phrases=== | ||
Possessors, numerals, and adjectives precede their head. Genitives and adverbs follow their head. | |||
===Dependent clauses=== | ===Dependent clauses=== | ||
Dependent clauses directly follow their head. | |||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||
===Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 1=== | ===Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 1=== | ||
'''All fulk fśa enn eliek in wyt enn rechten eburen. Je ešenkez miz fresteit enn weitech enn aich in broteršepes anz hannel anty. | |||
{{interlinear | |||
|All fulk fśa enn eliek in wyt enn rechten eburen. | |||
|all person.PL free and alike in worth and right-PL bear.PASS | |||
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | |||
<br> | |||
{{interlinear | |||
|Je ešenkez miz fresteit enn weitech enn aich in broteršepes anz hannel anty. | |||
|3PL.N endow.PASS with reason and conscience and ought in brothership-GEN spirit handle.INF other | |||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | |||
===Linguifex-hosted translations=== | ===Linguifex-hosted translations=== | ||