Naeng/Classical: Difference between revisions

|nativename =  

|pronunciation=

|region = Talma

|script=Windermere script

'''Classical Windermere''' ('''CWdm''', native name: ''băyrits Dămee'' /bəjrits dəˈmeʱ/; Modern Wdm.: ''fi cduay Dămea Ăfur'' <small>Bjeheondian</small> [vi gduəj dəmeə ʔəvur]; [[Skellan]]: ''a brits Dymée Yfẃr'' /ə prits təˈmɛi əˈfur/ or /ə prits təˈme əˈfur/  'Noble Windermere') was a standardized variety of Windermere spoken in the [[Verse:Tricin/Wen Dămea|Imperial Windermere]] territories (''Wen Dămee''), based on the language of Windermere texts from ca. fT 0-500. A classical language of Talma, it served as a language of learning, governance, law, and religion in the premodern era and lent many words to other Talman languages. A related language [[Tseer]] was used in other parts of the Windermere Empire, and as a result Classical Windermere borrowed many Classical Tseer words.

Classical Windermere is the language of Mărotłite sacred texts, such as the Imθumăytil, other Pidaic writings, and the oldest and most widespread complete edition of the Foranlaíd. Classical Windermere is still used as the liturgical language of Mărotłism.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:700px;text-align:center;"

| '''tł''' /ts̺~ʈʂ/

| '''ł''' /s̺~ʂ/

Classical Windermere had six stressed vowels '''a e i o u ü''' /a e i o u ü/ ('''ü''' was central unlike in Modern Windermere). It also had breathy voiced vowels '''aa ee ii oo uu üü''' /aʱ eʱ iʱ oʱ uʱ üʱ/ which became '''ä ea ie oa ua üe''' in Middle Windermere.

Classical Windermere had more vowel contrasts in minor syllables: it had two reduced vowels, '''ă''' /ɔ/ and '''ĭ''' /ə~ɪ/, which merged to '''ă''' /ə/ in Modern Windermere. '''ă''' comes from Proto-Ashanic unstressed *a, *o, *u, and '''ĭ''' comes from Proto-Ashanic unstressed *i, *ü, *e. This contrast is retained in [[Pradiul]] as palatalization.

**θs → st, as in ''sèf'' 'go' → *''thsèf'' → ''steeφ'' 'to drive' (Modern ''binsteaf'' 'energy', ''sămteaf'' 'to energize')

**θφ → φθ, e.g. ''tăfi'' 'laugh' → ''*tithfi'' → ''tiφθi'' 'to mock' (Classical and Modern Wdm. ''tăfi'', ''tifti'')

**thł, thș → łt, șt

*ch + f, s, th, ł, ș → chw, ??? ??? ??? ??? ???

*s + f, th, ch → sp, st, sc

*ps pn png → sp fn fng

*tp thp tsp kp chp → tw thw tsw cw chw; Proto-Windermere breathy vowel + tp tsp kp > dw tsw gw

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"

*''croth'' 'person' > ''hĭngüs'' 'people'

*''păltsif'' 'merchant' > ''impăltsif'' 'merchants'

*For "basic" words, nouns with breathy voice were generally feminine: ''tger'' /tger/ 'voice' was masculine, while ''trămaay'' /trəmaʱj/ 'rain' was feminine.

**Words with the nominalizer {{angbr|''ăy''}} were masculine.

The feminine agreement prefix ''u-'' (''wă-'' before a single consonant that is not the glottal stop; from Proto-Lakovic *ʔu-) goes before TAM markers:

*emșroy 'paid' > umșroy

*Imperfect: Like the Spanish imperfect; sometimes an English pluperfect

*Perfect: Past completed action or like English perfect tense

*Imperfect: ''plăplang'' 'was standing; had stood' (from PLak reduplication for iterative); feminine ''upınglang''

*1sg: ''rii''

====Possessive pronouns====

Possessive pronouns ''preceded'' the noun, unlike genitive nouns.

*1sg: ''rĭ''

*2sg: ''łĭn'' (m), ''łĭs'' (f)

*3sg: ''ĭn'' (m), ''ĭs'' (f)

*1pl exclusive: ''tsă''

*1pl inclusive: ''su'' (from a fossilized ''seew'' 'here')

*2pl: ''łăm'' (both m and f)

*3pl: ''năm'' (m), ''săm'' (f)

Classical Windermere had inflected prepositions, like [[Tigol]] and most modern Talmic languages and unlike Modern Windermere. Some prepositions had suppletive forms when inflected.

*1pl.ex: ''-ats''

*''mi'' 'in, at': ''mir, mił, miłes, min, mis, mits, ming, miłam, miłam, minam, misam''

*''șa'' 'to, for': ''șar, șał, șăłes, șan, șas, șats, șang, șăłam, șăłam, șănam, șăsam''

*''φa'' 'from': ''ăχir, ăχeł, ăχłes, ăχin, ăχis, ăχats, ăχang, ăχłam, ăχłam, ăχnam, ăχsam''

**''da'' (know) -> ''pĭda'' 'sage' (Medieval ''păda'', Modern ''pda'')

The usual word order was VSO, unlike Modern Windermere's SVO.

==="The Round Table", from the ''Imθumăytil''===

The following story is from the [[Verse:Tricin/Imθumăytil|Imθumăytil]], a major Talman religious text.

''Ngiθ dur se taχ χaaθ mogor. Tăbiits φin Pĭda Brăwiid: "Măra łĭnam?" Mi-ăngnung căχθaaθ năθa emrĭtsal sen doon: Șrüχ te-stiw: taχ mognas, θaφ te-müüts θraaφ, liiw stăliw, θaφ te-müüts mălsaaχ, taχ mălüüts, doon tălaχ." Tăbiits φin Pĭda Brăwiid: "Ǎna mee ra, srüü hĭdeen croθ năθa?" Eφθooc φin χaaθ, "Op cănga, φin Pida: tsor pădiiχ φnărtaang, te ămsaχ păχwădiiχ năθa ya φin croθ φi!" Esngiim φin Pĭda Brăwiid șa φin χaaθ șa-ngil, "Ăruuy șa-χaaθ ses tsărüüng te sen θăpal φănaw φănaw."''

''Ngiθ dur se taχ χaaθ mogor. Tăbiits φin Pida Brăwiid: "Măra łinam?"''

''Mi-ăngnung căχθaaθ năθa emrĭtsal se doon: "Șrüχ te-stiw: taχ mognas, θaφ te-müüts θraaφ, liiw stăliw, θaφ te-müüts mălsaaχ, taχ mălüüts, doon tălaχ."''

''Tăbiits φin Pida Brăwiid: "Ǎna mee ra, srüü hădeen croθ năθa?"''

''Emcă'aw φin χaaθ: "Op cănga, φin Pida: tsor pădiiχ φnărtaang, te ămsaχ păχwădiiχ năθa ya-croθ φi!"''

The child nonchalantly responded: "It is plain, Master: all of the old teams, as well as another set of teams with the new person!"

''Esngiim φin Pĭda Brăwiid șa φin χaaθ șa-ngil: "Ăruuy tsărüüng te θăpar șa φin χaaθ se φănaw φănaw."''

Early Classical Windermere poetry, such as poetic parts of the Imθumăytil, was a form of rhymed prose. (cf. saj3 in the Qur'an)

''Răwoł łĭn speel / tsor pĭχăngdiis.''

''Da łĭn tsărüüng, / woch hogăsgiis,''

''Łĭn tgun cămbey, / heneeb θăyφiis.''