Naeng/Classical: Difference between revisions

|nativename =  

|pronunciation=

|region = Talma

|script=Windermere script

'''Classical Windermere''' ('''CWdm''', native name: ''băyrits Dămee'' /bɔjrits dɔˈmeʱ/; Modern Wdm.: ''fi cduay Dămea Ăfur'' <small>Bjeheondian</small> [vi gduəj dəmeə ʔəvur]; [[Skellan]]: ''a brits Dymée Yfẃr'' /ə prits təˈmɛi əˈfur/ or /ə prits təˈme əˈfur/  'Noble Windermere') was a standardized variety of Windermere spoken in the [[Verse:Tricin/Wen Dămea|Imperial Windermere]] territories (''Wen Dămee''), based on the language of Windermere texts written from ca. fT -300 through fT 500. Alongside its relative [[Classical Tseer]], Classical  Windermere served as a lingua franca of learning, governance, law, and religion in premodern Talma and lent many words to other Talman languages. Later Classical Windermere borrowed many words from Classical Tseer.

Classical Windermere is the language of Mărotłite sacred texts, such as the Imθumăytil, other Pidaic writings, and the oldest and most widespread complete edition of the Latlaseekh.

In Talma Classical Windermere has evolved into various Talman Windermere vernaculars, while Classical Windermere is still used as the liturgical language of Mărotłism.

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:700px;text-align:center;"

| '''tł''' /ts̺~ʈʂ/

| '''ł''' /s̺~ʂ/

Classical Windermere had six stressed vowels '''a e i o u ü''' /a e i o u ü/ ('''ü''' was central unlike in Modern Windermere). It also had breathy voiced vowels '''aa ee ii oo uu üü''' /aʱ eʱ iʱ oʱ uʱ üʱ/ which became '''ä ea ie oa ua üe''' in Middle Windermere.

Classical Windermere had more vowel contrasts in minor syllables: it had two reduced vowels, '''ă''' /ɔ/ and '''ĭ''' /ə~ɪ/, which merged to '''ă''' /ə/ in Modern Windermere. '''ă''' comes from Proto-Ashanic unstressed *a, *o, *u, and '''ĭ''' comes from Proto-Ashanic unstressed *i, *ü, *e. This contrast is retained in [[Pradiul]] as palatalization.

**θs → st, as in ''sèf'' 'go' → *''thsèf'' → ''steeφ'' 'to drive' (Modern ''binsteaf'' 'energy', ''sămteaf'' 'to energize')

**θφ → φθ, e.g. ''tăfi'' 'laugh' → ''*tithfi'' → ''tiφθi'' 'to mock' (Classical and Modern Wdm. ''tăfi'', ''tifti'')

**thł, thș → łt, șt

*ch + f, s, th, ł, ș → chw, ??? ??? ??? ??? ???

*s + f, th, ch → sp, st, sc

*ps pn png → sp fn fng

*tp thp tsp kp chp → tw thw tsw cw chw; Proto-Windermere breathy vowel + tp tsp kp > dw tsw gw

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"

*''croth'' 'person' > ''hĭngüs'' 'people'

*''păltsif'' 'merchant' > ''impăltsif'' 'merchants'

**Words with the nominalizer {{angbr|''ăy''}} were masculine.

The feminine agreement prefix ''u-'' goes before TAM markers. It becomes ''wă-'' before a single consonant that is not the glottal stop, and ''w-'' or ''u-'' replacing an initial glottal stop.

*Imperfect: ''plăplang'' 'was standing; had stood' (from PLak reduplication for iterative); feminine ''upınglang''

*1sg: ''rii''

*2sg: ''hĭ-'' +V (m), ''hĭs-'' (f)

Classical Windermere had inflected prepositions, like [[Tigol]] and most modern Talmic languages and unlike Modern Windermere. Some prepositions had suppletive forms when inflected.

*''șa'' 'to, for': ''șar, șał, șăłes, șan, șas, șatsa, șang, șăłam, șăłam, șănam, șăsam''

*''φa'' 'from': ''ăχir, ăχeł, ăχłes, ăχin, ăχis, ăχtsa, ăχang, ăχłam, ăχłam, ăχnam, ăχsam''

**''da'' (know) -> ''pĭda'' 'sage' (Medieval ''păda'', Modern ''pda'')

The usual word order was VSO, unlike Modern Windermere's SVO.

==="The Round Table", from the ''Imθumăytil''===

The following story is from the [[Verse:Tricin/Imθumăytil|Imθumăytil]], a major Talman religious text.

''Ngiθ dur se taχ χaaθ mogor. Tăbiits φin Pĭda Brăwiid: "Măra łĭnam?" Mi-ăngnung căχθaaθ năθa emrĭtsal sen doon: Șrüχ te-stiw: taχ mognas, θaφ te-müüts θraaφ, liiw stăliw, θaφ te-müüts mălsaaχ, taχ mălüüts, doon tălaχ." Tăbiits φin Pĭda Brăwiid: "Ǎna mee ra, srüü hĭdeen croθ năθa?" Eφθooc φin χaaθ, "Op cănga, φin Pida: tsor pădiiχ φnărtaang, te ămsaχ păχwădiiχ năθa ya φin croθ φi!" Esngiim φin Pĭda Brăwiid șa φin χaaθ șa-ngil, "Ăruuy șa-χaaθ ses tsărüüng te sen θăpal φănaw φănaw."''

''Ngiθ dur se taχ χaaθ mogor. Tăbiits φin Pida Brăwiid: "Măra łinam?"''

''Mi-ăngnung căχθaaθ năθa emrĭtsal se doon: "Șrüχ te-stiw: taχ mognas, θaφ te-müüts θraaφ, liiw stăliw, θaφ te-müüts mălsaaχ, taχ mălüüts, doon tălaχ."''

''Tăbiits φin Pida Brăwiid: "Ǎna mee ra, srüü hădeen croθ năθa?"''

''Emcă'aw φin χaaθ: "Op cănga, φin Pida: tsor pădiiχ φnărtaang, te ămsaχ păχwădiiχ năθa ya-croθ φi!"''

The child nonchalantly responded: "It is plain, Master: all of the old teams, as well as another set of teams with the new person!"

''Esngiim φin Pĭda Brăwiid șa φin χaaθ șa-ngil: "Ăruuy tsărüüng te θăpar șa φin χaaθ se φănaw φănaw."''

Early Classical Windermere poetry, such as poetic parts of the Imθumăytil, was a form of rhymed prose. (cf. saj3 in the Qur'an)

''Hĭdgun cămbey, / heneeb θăyφiis.''