Difference between revisions of "Naquian"
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*past subjunctive marked with ''-tē-'' | *past subjunctive marked with ''-tē-'' | ||
====Personal affixes==== | ====Personal affixes==== | ||
− | past tense: ''chēpātī, chēpāuai, chēpai, | + | past tense: ''chēpātī, chēpāuai, chēpai, chēpaiz, chēpāmir, chēpantir, chēpaquir, chēpauir'' |
present tense: ''cechēpān, cechēpār, cechēpā, cechēpāz, cechēpāmeh, cechēpanti, cechēpaqui, cechēpatl'' | present tense: ''cechēpān, cechēpār, cechēpā, cechēpāz, cechēpāmeh, cechēpanti, cechēpaqui, cechēpatl'' |
Revision as of 19:14, 2 April 2019
This article is a construction site. This project is currently undergoing significant construction and/or revamp. By all means, take a look around, thank you. |
Naquian | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
ιν υέθαχας νάχυιμις | ||||
Pronunciation | /in weːtakas naːkʷimis/ | |||
Created by | IlL | |||
Setting | Verse:Tricin | |||
Extinct | 500dd | |||
Language family |
Quame
| |||
Early forms: |
Old Naquian
| |||
Writing system | Naquian script | |||
ISO 639-3 | qnq | |||
|
Naquian (/ˈnɑːkwiən/ NAH-kwee-ən) is a classical language of Tricin which served as the working language of the Naquian empire. It is a Quame language with a Nāhuatl, Latin and Proto-Germanic flavor. It has a rich body of literature, and is notable for being the language with the first extensive grammatical treatise in history.
Contents
Todo
- k kw q qw > tx qu c c
Remove a lot of r's but not all of them
Cr Cl > Cl > laterals
Keep initial p/ph
Or: Nahuatl phonology but not phonotactics? e.g. initial zp, zt, zc, zqu, ztz, ztx, ztł but not zm, zn, zl
- *sl > ztł-
- pl tl kl > tl
quateh = flower
Final -t > -tl
Assimilated mz, nz, lz, rz nouns
Phonology
Consonants
Naquian changes the voiced series of Proto-Naquic into the aspirated series and loses the velar-uvular distinction in dorsal stops.
Naquian uses about 22 consonant phonemes. The null initial is pronounced [h]. Two vowels that come in hiatus with each other may be separated by [ɦ], except that after /i/ or /o/ one tends to use /j/ or /w/ instead.
Labial | Coronal | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
central | lateral | plain | labialized | plain | labialized | ||||
Nasal | μ /m/ | ν /n/ | [ŋ] | ||||||
Plosive | tenuis | φ /p/ | θ /t/ | χ /k/ | χυ /kʷ/ | ϙ /ʔ/ | ϙυ /ʔʷ~wˀ/ | ||
ejective | π /pʼ/ | τ /tʼ/ | κ /kʼ/ | κυ /kʷʼ/ | |||||
Fricative | σ /s/ | ϧ /ɬ/ | ϸ /ʃ/ | [h~ɦ] | |||||
Affricate | tenuis | θσ /ts/ | θϧ /tɬ/ | θϸ /tʃ/ | |||||
ejective | τσ /tsʼ/ | τϧ /tɬʼ/ | τϸ /tʃʼ/ | ||||||
Approximant | ρ /r/ | λ /l/ | ι /j/ | υ /w/ |
- Notes
- /t/, /k/, /kʷ/ become /d~θ/, /g~x/, /gʷ~xʷ/ between vowels.
Phonotactics
A word may not end in a consonant cluster; usually an epenthetic vowel ι is inserted to resolve a consonant cluster.
The following geminates are allowed: /mː nː lː jː sː ʃː pː tː kː kwː tsː tɬː tʃː tʼː kʼː tsʼː tɬʼː tʃʼː/. Geminates are common, often resulting from older rC clusters.
Nasal-stop clusters are allowed.
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
short | long | short | long | short | long | |
Close | ι /i/ | ί /iː/ | υ /u/ | ύ /uː/ | ||
Mid | ε /ɛ/ | έ /eː/ | ο /ɔ/ | ό /oː/ | ||
Open | α /a/ | ά /aː/ |
Diphthongs: αι αυ η ω ει ου /ai au ea oa ei ou/
Stress
Naquian has penultimate stress like Classical Nahuatl.
Orthography
Morphology
Nouns
TODO: declension
Nouns are inflected in two numbers (singular, plural) and two cases (nominative, genitive).
flower (r-stem): quatār, quatariz, quatarin, quatarīni, quataritl, quataripeh
Example, "name": ueliz (nom sg), uelīz (gen sg), uelīn (nom pl), uelīni (gen pl); uelitl (const sg); uelipeh (const pl)
"fire" (w-stem): ztūz, ztūīz, ztūīn, ztūīni, ztūitl, ztūipeh
Example, "song": cālli (nom sg), cāllia (gen sg), cāllih (nom pl), cāllīni (gen pl); cāllitl (const sg); cālipeh (const pl)
Pronouns
- nā = I
- uī = thou
- txā = we (exc)
- quon = we (inc)
- zen = blotp
Verbs
Tenses:
- past with separate conjugation
- present w/ redup
- present subjunctive with no redup
- past subjunctive marked with -tē-
Personal affixes
past tense: chēpātī, chēpāuai, chēpai, chēpaiz, chēpāmir, chēpantir, chēpaquir, chēpauir
present tense: cechēpān, cechēpār, cechēpā, cechēpāz, cechēpāmeh, cechēpanti, cechēpaqui, cechēpatl
present subjunctive: chēpān, chēpār, chēpā, chēpāz, chēpāmeh, chēpanti, chēpaqui, chēpātl
past subjunctive: chēpātēn, chēpātēr, chēpātē, chēpātēz, chēpātēmeh, chēpātēnti, chēpātēqui, chēpātētl
Derivational morphology
- -ācaz = nominalizer (~ Thens. -ācos)
Numerals
- zeinuhin = 1st
- titzaron = 2nd
- naxxaron = 3rd
- laupharon = 4th
...
Syntax
Constituent order
OVS, postpositions, noun-gen, adj-noun.