Naquian

Naquian/Lexicon

Naquian/Swadesh list

Naquian
ιν υέθαχας νάχυιμις
Pronunciation	/in weːtakas naːkʷimis/
Created by	IlL
Setting	Verse:Tricin
Extinct	500dd
Language family	Quame Naquian
Early forms:	Old Naquian Naquian
Writing system	Naquian script
ISO 639-3	qnq

Naquian (/ˈnɑːkwiən/ NAH-kwee-ən) is a classical language of Tricin which served as the working language of the Naquian empire. It is a Quame language with a Nāhuatl, Latin and Proto-Germanic flavor. It has a rich body of literature, and is notable for being the language with the first extensive grammatical treatise in history.

Todo

• k kw q qw > tx qu c c

Remove a lot of r's but not all of them

Cr Cl > Cl > laterals

Keep initial p/ph

Or: Nahuatl phonology but not phonotactics? e.g. initial zp, zt, zc, zqu, ztz, ztx, ztł but not zm, zn, zl

• *sl > ztł-

• pl tl kl > tl

quateh = flower

Final -t > -tl

Assimilated mz, nz, lz, rz nouns

Phonology

Consonants

Naquian changes the voiced series of Proto-Naquic into the aspirated series and loses the velar-uvular distinction in dorsal stops.

Naquian uses about 22 consonant phonemes. The null initial is pronounced [h]. Two vowels that come in hiatus with each other may be separated by [ɦ], except that after /i/ or /o/ one tends to use /j/ or /w/ instead.

		Labial	Coronal		Palatal	Velar		Glottal
			central	lateral		plain	labialized	plain	labialized
Nasal		μ /m/	ν /n/			[ŋ]
Plosive	tenuis	φ /p/	θ /t/			χ /k/	χυ /kʷ/	ϙ /ʔ/	ϙυ /ʔʷ~wˀ/
	ejective	π /pʼ/	τ /tʼ/			κ /kʼ/	κυ /kʷʼ/
Fricative			σ /s/	ϧ /ɬ/	ϸ /ʃ/			[h~ɦ]
Affricate	tenuis		θσ /ts/	θϧ /tɬ/	θϸ /tʃ/
	ejective		τσ /tsʼ/	τϧ /tɬʼ/	τϸ /tʃʼ/
Approximant			ρ /r/	λ /l/	ι /j/		υ /w/

Notes

• /t/, /k/, /kʷ/ become /d~θ/, /g~x/, /gʷ~xʷ/ between vowels.

Phonotactics

A word may not end in a consonant cluster; usually an epenthetic vowel ι is inserted to resolve a consonant cluster.

The following geminates are allowed: /mː nː lː jː sː ʃː pː tː kː kwː tsː tɬː tʃː tʼː kʼː tsʼː tɬʼː tʃʼː/. Geminates are common, often resulting from older rC clusters.

Nasal-stop clusters are allowed.

Vowels

	Front		Central		Back
	short	long	short	long	short	long
Close	ι /i/	ί /iː/			υ /u/	ύ /uː/
Mid	ε /ɛ/	έ /eː/			ο /ɔ/	ό /oː/
Open			α /a/	ά /aː/

Diphthongs: αι αυ η ω ει ου /ai au ea oa ei ou/

Stress

Naquian has penultimate stress like Classical Nahuatl.

Morphology

Nouns

TODO: declension

Nouns are inflected in two numbers (singular, plural) and two cases (nominative, genitive).

flower (r-stem): quatār, quatariz, quatarin, quatarīni, quataritl, quataripeh

Example, "name": ueliz (nom sg), uelīz (gen sg), uelīn (nom pl), uelīni (gen pl); uelitl (const sg); uelipeh (const pl)

"fire" (w-stem): ztūz, ztūīz, ztūīn, ztūīni, ztūitl, ztūipeh

Example, "song": cālli (nom sg), cāllia (gen sg), cāllih (nom pl), cāllīni (gen pl); cāllitl (const sg); cālipeh (const pl)

Pronouns

• nā = I
• uī = thou
• txā = we (exc)
• quon = we (inc)
• zen = blotp

Verbs

Tenses:

• past with separate conjugation
• present w/ redup
• present subjunctive with no redup
• past subjunctive marked with -tē-

Personal affixes

past tense: chēpātī, chēpāuai, chēpai, chēpaiz, chēpāmir, chēpantir, chēpaquir, chēpauir

present tense: cechēpān, cechēpār, cechēpā, cechēpāz, cechēpāmeh, cechēpanti, cechēpaqui, cechēpatl

present subjunctive: chēpān, chēpār, chēpā, chēpāz, chēpāmeh, chēpanti, chēpaqui, chēpātl

past subjunctive: chēpātēn, chēpātēr, chēpātē, chēpātēz, chēpātēmeh, chēpātēnti, chēpātēqui, chēpātētl

Derivational morphology

• -ācaz = nominalizer (~ Thens. -ācos)

Numerals

• zeinuhin = 1st
• titzaron = 2nd
• naxxaron = 3rd
• laupharon = 4th

...

Syntax

Constituent order

OVS, postpositions, noun-gen, adj-noun.