Naquian

Naquian/Lexicon

Naquian/Swadesh list

Naquian
in uētacaz nāquimiz
Pronunciation	/in weːtakas naːkʷimis/
Created by	IlL
Setting	Verse:Tricin
Extinct	500dd
Language family	Quame Naquian
Early forms:	Old Naquian Naquian
Writing system	Naquian script
ISO 639-3	qnq

Naquian (/ˈnɑːkwiən/ NAH-kwee-ən) is a classical language of Tricin which served as the working language of the Naquian empire. It is a Quame language with a Proto-Germanic and Nahuatl flavor. It has a rich body of literature, and is notable for being the language with the first extensive grammatical treatise in history.

It is related to Thensarian, a Talman classical language.

Todo

• k kw q qw > tx qu c c

Remove a lot of r's but not all of them

Cr Cl > Cl > laterals

Keep initial p/ph

Or: Nahuatl phonology but not phonotactics? e.g. initial zp, zt, zc, zqu, ztz, ztx, ztl but not zm, zn, zl > m, n, l

• *sl > ztl-

• pl tl kl > tl

quateh = flower

Final -t > -tl

Assimilated mz, nz, lz, rz nouns

Pseudo Hungarian descendant?

ammitī, ammiuī, ... = to live

Phonology

Consonants

Naquian changes the voiced series of Proto-Naquic into the aspirated series and loses the velar-uvular distinction in dorsal stops.

Naquian uses about 22 consonant phonemes. The null initial is pronounced [h]. Two vowels that come in hiatus with each other may be separated by [ɦ], except that after /i/ or /o/ one tends to use /j/ or /w/ instead.

		Labial	Coronal		Palatal	Velar		Glottal
			central	lateral		plain	labialized	plain	labialized
Nasal		m /m/	n /n/			[ŋ]
Plosive	tenuis	p /p/	t /t/			c /k/	qu /kʷ/	h /ʔ/	hu /ʔʷ~wˀ/
	ejective	ph /pʼ/	th /tʼ/			ch /kʼ/	quh /kʷʼ/
Fricative			z /s/		x /ʃ/			[h~ɦ]
Affricate	tenuis		tz /ts/	tl /tɬ/	tx /tʃ/
	ejective		tzh /tsʼ/	tłh /tɬʼ/	txh /tʃʼ/
Approximant			r /r/	l /l/	y /j/		u /w/

Notes

• /t/, /k/, /kʷ/ become /d~θ/, /g~x/, /gʷ~xʷ/ between vowels.

Phonotactics

A word may not end in a consonant cluster; usually an epenthetic vowel i is inserted to resolve a consonant cluster.

The following geminates are allowed: /mː nː lː jː sː ʃː pː tː kː kwː tsː tɬː tʃː tʼː kʼː tsʼː tɬʼː tʃʼː/. Geminates are common, often resulting from older rC clusters.

Nasal-stop clusters are allowed.

The following initial clusters are allowed:

• tr tzr txr cr qur thr tzhr txhr chr quhr
• ''zt ztł ztx zc

Vowels

	Front		Central		Back
	short	long	short	long	short	long
Close	i /i/	ī /iː/			u /u/	ū /uː/
Mid	e /ɛ/	ē /eː/			o /ɔ/	ō /oː/
Open			a /a/	ā /aː/

Diphthongs: ea oa ei ou /ea oa ei ou/

Stress

Naquian has penultimate stress like Classical Nahuatl.

Morphology

Nouns

The definite article is in.

Nouns are inflected in two numbers (singular, plural) and two cases (nominative, genitive).

r-stems

flower (r-stem): quatār, quatariz, quatarin, quatarīni, quataritl, quataripeh

i-stems

• Example, "name": ueliz (nom sg), uelīz (gen sg), uelīn (nom pl), uelīni (gen pl); uelitl (const sg); uelipeh (const pl)
• Example, "song": cālli (nom sg), cāllia (gen sg), cāllih (nom pl), cāllīni (gen pl); cāllitl (const sg); cālipeh (const pl)

u-stems

"fire" (w-stem): ztūz, ztūīz, ztūīn, ztūīni, ztūitl, ztūipeh

Adjectives

• quarātl, quarālli, quarātliz = moral

Pronouns

• nā = I
• uī = thou
• txā = we (exc)
• quon = we (inc)
• zen = blotp

Verbs

Tenses:

• past with separate conjugation
• present w/ redup
• present subjunctive with no redup
• past subjunctive marked with -tē-

Voices:

• active
• mediopassive

Personal affixes

Active

past tense: cheppātī, cheppāzī, cheppē, cheppēz, cheppamir, cheppantir, cheppaquir, cheppauir

present tense: cecheppān, cecheppār, cecheppā, cecheppāz, cecheppāmeh, cecheppanti, cecheppaqui, cecheppatl

present subjunctive: cheppān, cheppār, cheppā, cheppāz, cheppāmeh, cheppanti, cheppaqui, cheppātl

past subjunctive: cheppātēn, cheppātēr, cheppātē, cheppātēz, cheppātēmeh, cheppātēnti, cheppātēqui, cheppātētl

Mediopassive

past tense: cheppāuetī, cheppāuezī, cheppauē, cheppauēz, cheppauemir, cheppauentir, cheppauequir, cheppauetlir

present tense: cecheppāuen, cecheppāuer, cecheppāue, cecheppāuez, cecheppāuemeh, cecheppauenti, cecheppauequi, cecheppauitl

present subjunctive: cheppāuen, cheppāuer, cheppāue, cheppāuez, cheppāuemeh, cheppauinti, cheppauequi, cheppāuitl

past subjunctive: cheppāuetēn, cheppāuetēr, cheppāurtē, cheppāuetēz, cheppāuetēmeh, cheppāuetēnti, cheppāuetēqui, cheppāuetētl

Participles

• cheppācon, cheppācō, cheppācoz = active participle
• cheppānin, cheppāni, cheppāniz = passive participle

Derivational morphology

• -ācaz = nominalizer (~ Thens. -ācos)
• -ātl, -ālli, -ātliz = adjectivizer
• -imin, -imi, -imiz = adjectivizer
• -pan, -pā, -paz = nominalizer

Numerals

• zeinuhin = 1st
• titzaron = 2nd
• naxxaron = 3rd
• laupharon = 4th

...

Syntax

Constituent order

OVS, postpositions, noun-gen, adj-noun.

Subordinate clauses

• ne = complememtizer (related to -n in Thensarian relativizer rin)