Naquian
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Naquian | ||||
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in uētacaz nāquimiz | ||||
Pronunciation | /in weːtakas naːkʷimis/ | |||
Created by | IlL | |||
Setting | Verse:Tricin | |||
Extinct | 500dd | |||
Language family |
Quame
| |||
Early forms: |
Old Naquian
| |||
Writing system | Naquian script | |||
ISO 639-3 | qnq | |||
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Naquian (/ˈnɑːkwiən/ NAH-kwee-ən) is a classical language of Tricin which served as the working language of the Naquian empire. It is a Quame language with a Proto-Germanic and Nahuatl flavor. It has a rich body of literature, and is notable for being the language with the first extensive grammatical treatise in history.
It is related to Thensarian, a Talman classical language.
Todo
- k kw q qw > tx qu c c
Remove a lot of r's but not all of them
Cr Cl > Cl > laterals
Keep initial p/ph
Or: Nahuatl phonology but not phonotactics? e.g. initial zp, zt, zc, zqu, ztz, ztx, ztl but not zm, zn, zl > m, n, l
- *sl > ztl-
- pl tl kl > tl
quateh = flower
Final -t > -tl
Assimilated mz, nz, lz, rz nouns
Pseudo Hungarian descendant?
ammitī, ammiuī, ... = to live
Phonology
Consonants
Naquian changes the voiced series of Proto-Naquic into the aspirated series and loses the velar-uvular distinction in dorsal stops.
Naquian uses about 22 consonant phonemes. The null initial is pronounced [h]. Two vowels that come in hiatus with each other may be separated by [ɦ], except that after /i/ or /o/ one tends to use /j/ or /w/ instead.
Labial | Coronal | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
central | lateral | plain | labialized | plain | labialized | ||||
Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | [ŋ] | ||||||
Plosive | tenuis | p /p/ | t /t/ | c /k/ | qu /kʷ/ | h /ʔ/ | hu /ʔʷ~wˀ/ | ||
ejective | ph /pʼ/ | th /tʼ/ | ch /kʼ/ | quh /kʷʼ/ | |||||
Fricative | z /s/ | x /ʃ/ | [h~ɦ] | ||||||
Affricate | tenuis | tz /ts/ | tl /tɬ/ | tx /tʃ/ | |||||
ejective | tzh /tsʼ/ | tłh /tɬʼ/ | txh /tʃʼ/ | ||||||
Approximant | r /r/ | l /l/ | y /j/ | u /w/ |
- Notes
- /t/, /k/, /kʷ/ become /d~θ/, /g~x/, /gʷ~xʷ/ between vowels.
Phonotactics
A word may not end in a consonant cluster; usually an epenthetic vowel i is inserted to resolve a consonant cluster.
The following geminates are allowed: /mː nː lː jː sː ʃː pː tː kː kwː tsː tɬː tʃː tʼː kʼː tsʼː tɬʼː tʃʼː/. Geminates are common, often resulting from older rC clusters.
Nasal-stop clusters are allowed.
The following initial clusters are allowed:
- tr tzr txr cr qur thr tzhr txhr chr quhr
- ''zt ztł ztx zc
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
short | long | short | long | short | long | |
Close | i /i/ | ī /iː/ | u /u/ | ū /uː/ | ||
Mid | e /ɛ/ | ē /eː/ | o /ɔ/ | ō /oː/ | ||
Open | a /a/ | ā /aː/ |
Diphthongs: ea oa ei ou /ea oa ei ou/
Stress
Naquian has penultimate stress like Classical Nahuatl.
Orthography
Morphology
Nouns
The definite article is in.
Nouns are inflected in two numbers (singular, plural) and two cases (nominative, genitive).
r-stems
flower (r-stem): quatār, quatariz, quatarin, quatarīni, quataritl, quataripeh
i-stems
- Example, "name": ueliz (nom sg), uelīz (gen sg), uelīn (nom pl), uelīni (gen pl); uelitl (const sg); uelipeh (const pl)
- Example, "song": cālli (nom sg), cāllia (gen sg), cāllih (nom pl), cāllīni (gen pl); cāllitl (const sg); cālipeh (const pl)
u-stems
"fire" (w-stem): ztūz, ztūīz, ztūīn, ztūīni, ztūitl, ztūipeh
Adjectives
- quarātl, quarālli, quarātliz = moral
Pronouns
- nā = I
- uī = thou
- txā = we (exc)
- quon = we (inc)
- zen = blotp
Verbs
Tenses:
- past with separate conjugation
- present w/ redup
- present subjunctive with no redup
- past subjunctive marked with -tē-
Voices:
- active
- mediopassive
Personal affixes
Active
past tense: cheppātī, cheppāzī, cheppē, cheppēz, cheppamir, cheppantir, cheppaquir, cheppauir
present tense: cecheppān, cecheppār, cecheppā, cecheppāz, cecheppāmeh, cecheppanti, cecheppaqui, cecheppatl
present subjunctive: cheppān, cheppār, cheppā, cheppāz, cheppāmeh, cheppanti, cheppaqui, cheppātl
past subjunctive: cheppātēn, cheppātēr, cheppātē, cheppātēz, cheppātēmeh, cheppātēnti, cheppātēqui, cheppātētl
Mediopassive
past tense: cheppāuetī, cheppāuezī, cheppauē, cheppauēz, cheppauemir, cheppauentir, cheppauequir, cheppauetlir
present tense: cecheppāuen, cecheppāuer, cecheppāue, cecheppāuez, cecheppāuemeh, cecheppauenti, cecheppauequi, cecheppauitl
present subjunctive: cheppāuen, cheppāuer, cheppāue, cheppāuez, cheppāuemeh, cheppauinti, cheppauequi, cheppāuitl
past subjunctive: cheppāuetēn, cheppāuetēr, cheppāurtē, cheppāuetēz, cheppāuetēmeh, cheppāuetēnti, cheppāuetēqui, cheppāuetētl
Participles
- cheppācon, cheppācō, cheppācoz = active participle
- cheppānin, cheppāni, cheppāniz = passive participle
Derivational morphology
- -ācaz = nominalizer (~ Thens. -ācos)
- -ātl, -ālli, -ātliz = adjectivizer
- -imin, -imi, -imiz = adjectivizer
- -pan, -pā, -paz = nominalizer
Numerals
- zeinuhin = 1st
- titzaron = 2nd
- naxxaron = 3rd
- laupharon = 4th
...
Syntax
Constituent order
OVS, postpositions, noun-gen, adj-noun.
Subordinate clauses
- ne = complememtizer (related to -n in Thensarian relativizer rin)