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Neo-Oceanic Hebrew: Difference between revisions
getting more done. Need a lexicon subpage
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: '''i kafū ō te fāre.''' ''She covered the flower.'' | : '''i kafū ō te fāre.''' ''She covered the flower.'' | ||
=== | === Dative === | ||
The “dative case” particle serves a variety of functions, but generally corresponds with the English idea of the indirect object. | The “dative case” particle serves a variety of functions, but generally corresponds with the English idea of the indirect object. | ||
: '''i tarī wakō nūkaka rai auma fōra!''' ''We’ve got to get to the hospital!'' | : '''i tarī wakō nūkaka rai auma fōra!''' ''We’ve got to get to the hospital!'' | ||
=== Benefactive === | ==== Benefactive ==== | ||
With verb like '''hūro''', '''rai''' marks the beneficiary of the giving. | With verb like '''hūro''', '''rai''' marks the beneficiary of the giving. | ||
: '''ū i hūro pētu e kā rai nū te ō.''' ''And you gave me it.'' | : '''ū i hūro pētu e kā rai nū te ō.''' ''And you gave me it.'' | ||
=== Causatives=== | ==== Causatives==== | ||
In a ditransitive sentence, '''rai''' is used to mark the original subject. | In a ditransitive sentence, '''rai''' is used to mark the original subject. | ||
: '''kāka i pētu i nokau rai ō te nū.''' ''It is you-all who made her injure me.'' | : '''kāka i pētu i nokau rai ō te nū.''' ''It is you-all who made her injure me.'' | ||
=== Directionals === | ==== Directionals ==== | ||
Place names (often indicated with '''auma''') after '''rai''' — with no intervening preposition — fill in the expected argument of where for verbs of motion, namely '''fāni''' ''turn to face'', '''farīe''' ''ascend to'', '''poua''' ''come from''', '''tarī''' ''go to''. It may also be used with places indicated without '''auma'''. | Place names (often indicated with '''auma''') after '''rai''' — with no intervening preposition — fill in the expected argument of where for verbs of motion, namely '''fāni''' ''turn to face'', '''farīe''' ''ascend to'', '''poua''' ''come from''', '''tarī''' ''go to''. It may also be used with places indicated without '''auma'''. | ||
: '''i farīe rai rōaŋa ŋo nīpa iŋoi.''' ''(They) went up to the top of the hill.'' | : '''i farīe rai rōaŋa ŋo nīpa iŋoi.''' ''(They) went up to the top of the hill.'' | ||
: '''i poua nu rai auma Amērika.''' ''I come from America.'' | : '''i poua nu rai auma Amērika.''' ''I come from America.'' | ||
=== Adnominals ==== | |||
There are no substantive adjective in rōŋo·ŋo Pāru ; whatever comes immediately ofter the '''e''' is the subject. Words which follow the head noun are automatically adjectival in nature. Hence we see '''e ōafu katōra''' ''the big bird.'' | |||
: '''e pētu hāre''' ''a sound tool, an instrument | |||
: '''e pētu ŋīma''' ''a recreational tool | |||
: '''e hāre pētu''' ''a man-made sound | |||
: '''e ŋīma pētu''' ''an artificial joy | |||
: '''e ŋīma hāre''' ''a music joy, music appreciation | |||
: '''e hāre ŋīma''' ''recreational music, a pop song | |||
* Adjectives modify the entire set of what preceded them. | |||
: '''e pētu ŋīma hāre''' ''a musical-recreational-tool, an instrument'' | |||
: '''e hāre pētu ŋīma''' ''a fun, man-made sound'' | |||
==== Relative Clause === | |||
Without '''ŋo''', ''e pētu hāre katōra''' means ''a big instrument''. To achieve, ''a loud tool'', the adjectives must be broken up and regrouped into ''big sound'' and ''tool''. | |||
: '''e pētu ŋo hāre katōra''' ''a loud tool'' (lit. “a big-sound tool”) | |||
: '''e pētu hāre ŋo hāre katōra''' ''a loud instrument'' | |||
* '''ŋo''' can also be used to take away some of the adjectival force of a modifier, and to make sure it is regarded as a noun. | |||
: '''e rōŋo kēfa''' ''the metallic taste'' | |||
: '''e rōŋo ŋo kēfa''' ''the taste of metal'' | |||
== Verb Phrase == | |||
On the whole, most sentences begin with '''i'''. It is the marker for the start of the verb phrase, and most sentences start with the verb. | |||
'''iāwe''' is the main verb for being + location, like the English ''to be'' or ''to be at''. | |||
The grammar particle '''a''' is used for anything like a command or exhortation. When there is no subject, context must be followed, and one should not assume it is always the second person singular. When used in these imperatival ways, it replaces '''i''' as the “start of verb phrase” marker. | |||
As in ordinary clauses, subjects or topics are optional in imperative clauses. In other words, rōŋo·roŋo Pāru is pro-drop. | |||
# '''kā a tarī rai ma mīka!''' ''You! Go to the store!'' | |||
# '''kā i tarī rai ma mīka!''' ''You yourself went to the store. '' | |||
# '''nūka a tarī rai ma mīka! ''Let’s go to the store!''' | |||
# '''nūka i tarī rai ma mīka.''' ''We ourselves went to the store. '' | |||
# '''ōu a tarī rai ma mīka! ''Let them go to the store!'' | |||
# '''i tarī rai ma mīka.''' ''They went to the store.'' | |||
In these examples, English-speakers are likely to leave off the pronoun in the first sentence, and regard it as less salient in the third and fifth. However, they would regard it as central in the second, fourth, and sixth. Given the right context, they could all be left out of all of these sentences in rōŋo·roŋo Pāru. | |||
* In negative commands, the '''rou''' comes between the '''a''' and the main verb. | |||
=== Coverbs === | |||
'''kōri''' ''entirely, completely'' - resultative or completative | |||
: '''i tarī kōri rai auma e ō.''' ''He went all the way to the place.'' | |||
: '''i tarī tarī e ō.''' ''She did go. She has gone.'' | |||
: '''i tarī aita e ō.''' ''She can go.'' | |||
: '''i tarī poua e ō.''' ''It will go.'' | |||
== Further == | |||
* [[Neo-Oceanic Hebrew/Lexicon]] - a complete and exhaustive lexicon | |||
* [[Neo-Oceanic Hebrew/Number]] - a detailed look at the balanced-ternary number system and words | |||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Conlangs]] | ||