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Niemish: Difference between revisions
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*Got. ''ē'' /eː/ > Post-Got. ''ei'' /iː/ | *Got. ''ē'' /eː/ > Post-Got. ''ei'' /iː/ | ||
*Got. ''ō'' /oː/ > Post-Got. ''ū'' /uː/ | *Got. ''ō'' /oː/ > Post-Got. ''ū'' /uː/ | ||
This is attested in variant spellings such as ''leikeis'' for ''lēkeis''. In Post-Gothic this merger was complete. | This is attested in variant spellings such as ''[[wikt:𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃#Gothic|leikeis]]'' for ''[[wikt:𐌻𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃#Gothic|lēkeis]]''. In Post-Gothic this merger was complete. | ||
The most important sound change with respect to short vowels was loss of syllable-final ''h'' /h/ with compensatory lengthening: | The most important sound change with respect to short vowels was loss of syllable-final ''h'' /h/ with compensatory lengthening: | ||
* Got. ''ah'' /ah/ > Post-Got. ''ā'' /aː/ | *Got. ''ah'' /ah/ > Post-Got. ''ā'' /aː/ | ||
* Got. ''aíh'' /ɛh/ > Post-Got. ''ái'' /ɛː/ | *Got. ''aíh'' /ɛh/ > Post-Got. ''ái'' /ɛː/ | ||
* Got. ''aúh'' /ɔh/ > Post-Got. ''áu'' /ɔː/ | *Got. ''aúh'' /ɔh/ > Post-Got. ''áu'' /ɔː/ | ||
This raised ''ā'' /aː/ from a marginal phoneme to a common one. | This raised ''ā'' /aː/ from a marginal phoneme to a common one. | ||
====Consonants==== | ====Consonants==== | ||
The proposed [[w:Thurneysen's law|Thurneysen's law]] became fully operational in Post-Gothic, although it was modified: | The proposed [[w:Thurneysen's law|Thurneysen's law]] became fully operational in Post-Gothic, although it was modified: | ||
#Spirants gained or lost voice in dissimilation with the previous consonant in ''all'' syllables, not only unstressed ones | |||
#The condition for the law depended only on whether the previous consonant was voiced, and consonant clusters in the previous syllable did not affect it | |||
===Development of Niemish proper=== | |||
====Emergence of /ɨː/==== | |||
The long /iː/ (from Gothic ''ei'' and ''ē'') became ''y'' /ɨː/ when preceded by a labial or labialised consonant (/p, b, m, f, w, kʷ, gʷ) and not followed by a front vowel in the next syllable. Labialsed velars were subsequently delabialised: | |||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍃𐍄#Gothic|beist]]'' > ''byst'' | |||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌼𐌴𐍃#Gothic|mēs]]'' > ''meis'' > ''mysz'' | |||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽#Gothic|wein]]'' > ''wyn'' | |||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌵𐌴𐌽𐍃#Gothic|qēns]]'' > ''qeins'' > ''qyna'' > ''kyna'' | |||
====Ruki==== | |||
Much like Slavic and Indo-Iranian languages (and to an extent High German), Niemish retracted ''s'' /s/ to ''sz'' /ʃ/ before and after /r, w, uː, j, iː/: | |||
*P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/barsaz|*barsaz]]'' > ''barsz'' | |||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐍃#Gothic|swarts]]'' > ''szwart'' | |||
*P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mūs|*mūs]]'' > ''musz'' | |||
*P-W-Gmc. ''[[wikt:kirsijā#Proto-West_Germanic|kirsijā]]'' > ''*kaírsja'' > ''kersz'' | |||
This sound change took place before the backing of /iː/ to /ɨː/, as indicated by the fact that ''mēs'' became ''mysz'' | |||