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Niemish: Difference between revisions
→Second umlaut (umlaut pattern 2. or a-umlaut)
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====Second umlaut (umlaut pattern 2. or a-umlaut)==== | ====Second umlaut (umlaut pattern 2. or a-umlaut)==== | ||
The second umlaut affected | The second umlaut affected Post-Gothic short ''i'' and ''u'' and long ''ái'' and ''ei'' (the last one under [[Niemish#Emergence_of_/ɨː/|limited circumstances]]). There is debate about whether the second umlaut in fact occurred before the first umlaut, but the current names for the two umlauts are too well established now for renaming them to be practical. | ||
When followed by a back vowel in the following syllable, short ''i'' and ''u'' were lowered to ''e'' and ''o'' (see Medieval Niemish in the tables). These lowered vowels persisted after apocope eliminated the original trigger of umlaut, elevating short ''e'' and ''o'' to full phonemes in their own right, with ''i''/''e'' and ''u''/''o'' alternation often accounting for the difference between nominative singular and dative singular, or genitive singular and nominative plural: | |||
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The second umlaut affected Post-Gothic long ''ái'' and ''ei'' slightly differently. When followed by a plain consonant (or when not followed by a front vowel in the following syllable in the ''second umlaut first hypothesis'') , ''ái'' [ɛː] was broken to first [jɛ] then lowered to [ja], and ''ei'' [[Niemish#Emergence_of_/ɨː/|was lowered to _/ɨː/]]: | |||
The coronal palatalisation was still active when the second umlaut happened, as: | The coronal palatalisation was still active when the second umlaut happened, as: | ||