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Niemish: Difference between revisions
→Development of Niemish proper
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The coronal palatalisation was still active when the second umlaut happened, as: | The coronal palatalisation was still active when the second umlaut happened, as: | ||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽#Gothic|taíhun]]'' → Post-Got. ''taíhun'' → ''táin'' → ''tsjan'' → ''tzan'' | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽#Gothic|taíhun]]'' → Post-Got. ''taíhun'' → ''táin'' → ''tsjan'' → ''[Contionary:tzan#Niemish|̀tzán]]'' | ||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌲𐍃#Gothic|dáigs]]'' → Post-Got. ''dáiχs'' → ''djach'' → ''zach'' | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌲𐍃#Gothic|dáigs]]'' → Post-Got. ''dáiχs'' → ''djach'' → ''[Contionary:zach#Niemish|zách]]'' | ||
*P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sairaz|*sairaz]]'' → Post-Got. ''sáirs'' → ''sjar'' → ''szar'' | *P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sairaz|*sairaz]]'' → Post-Got. ''sáirs'' → ''sjar'' → ''[Contionary:szar#Niemish|szár]]'' | ||
The fricatives that arose from coronal palatalisation were analogically extended to all forms of word where it arose, even those forms where no second umlaut had taken place. | The fricatives that arose from coronal palatalisation were analogically extended to all forms of word where it arose, even those forms where no second umlaut had taken place. | ||
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*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌿𐌽𐍃#Gothic|uns]]'' → ''ųs'' | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐌿𐌽𐍃#Gothic|uns]]'' → ''ųs'' | ||
*P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kunstiz#Proto-Germanic|*kunstiz]]'' → ''kųst'' | *P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kunstiz#Proto-Germanic|*kunstiz]]'' → ''kųst'' | ||
*Lat. ''[[wikt:amphora#Latin|amphora]]'' → Post-Got. ''amfaúra'' → ''ąfor'' → ''ąchor'' | *Lat. ''[[wikt:amphora#Latin|amphora]]'' → Post-Got. ''amfaúra'' → ''ąfor'' → ''[[Contionary:ąchor#Niemish|ą̀chor]]'' | ||
After syncope, /ml, nl, mr, nr/ were reintroduced into the language outside of prefixes. | After syncope, /ml, nl, mr, nr/ were reintroduced into the language outside of prefixes. | ||
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====S-palatalisation==== | ====S-palatalisation==== | ||
Much like Slavic and Indo-Iranian languages (and to an extent High German), Niemish changed /s/ to ''sz'' /ʃ/ and /z/ to ''zsz'' /ʒ/ before /r, w/ and after /r, uː, iː/: | Much like Slavic and Indo-Iranian languages (and to an extent High German), Niemish changed /s/ to ''sz'' /ʃ/ and /z/ to ''zsz'' /ʒ/ before /r, w/ and after /r, uː, iː/: | ||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐍃#Gothic|swarts]]'' → ''szwart'' | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐍃#Gothic|swarts]]'' → ''[[Contionary:szwart#Niemish|szwárt]]'' | ||
*P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/*wazrą#Proto-Germanic|*wazrą]]'' → Post-Got. ''wasr'' → '' | *P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/*wazrą#Proto-Germanic|*wazrą]]'' → Post-Got. ''wasr'' → ''waszur'' | ||
*P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/barsaz#Proto-Germanic|*barsaz]]'' → ''barsz'' | *P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/barsaz#Proto-Germanic|*barsaz]]'' → ''[[Contionary:barsz#Niemish|bársz]]'' | ||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌿𐍃|þaúrsus]]'' → Post-Got. ''þaurzus'' → ''tzorzsz'' | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌿𐍃|þaúrsus]]'' → Post-Got. ''þaurzus'' → ''tzorzsz'' | ||
*P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mūs#Proto-Germanic|*mūs]]'' → ''musz'' | *P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mūs#Proto-Germanic|*mūs]]'' → ''[[Contionary:musz#Niemish|músz]]'' | ||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌷𐌿𐍃#Gothic|*hūs]]'' → Post-Got. ''hūz'' → ''huzsz'' | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌷𐌿𐍃#Gothic|*hūs]]'' → Post-Got. ''hūz'' → ''[[Contionary:huzsz#Niemish|húzsz]]'' | ||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌼𐌴𐍃#Gothic|mēs]]'' → Post-Got. ''meis'' → ''mysz'' | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐌼𐌴𐍃#Gothic|mēs]]'' → Post-Got. ''meis'' → ''[[Contionary:mysz#Niemish|mýsz]]'' | ||
This introduced a simple /ʃ/ sound in addition to the geminated /ʃʃ/ that arose with the prepalatal gemination. | This introduced a simple /ʃ/ sound in addition to the geminated /ʃʃ/ that arose with the prepalatal gemination. | ||
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*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌹𐌽𐍆𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌽#Gothic|infeinan]]'' → ''ęfynund'' | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐌹𐌽𐍆𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌽#Gothic|infeinan]]'' → ''ęfynund'' | ||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽#Gothic|wein]]'' → ''wyn'' | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽#Gothic|wein]]'' → ''wyn'' | ||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌵𐌴𐌽𐍃#Gothic|qēns]]'' → Post-Got. ''qeinō''<sup>1</sup> → ''kʷyna'' → ''kyna'' | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐌵𐌴𐌽𐍃#Gothic|qēns]]'' → Post-Got. ''qeinō''<sup>1</sup> → ''kʷyna'' → ''[[Contionary:kyna#Niemish|kýna]]'' | ||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐍈𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃#Gothic|ƕeits]]'' → ''hʷyt'' → ''hyt'' | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐍈𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃#Gothic|ƕeits]]'' → ''hʷyt'' → ''[[Contionary:hyt#Niemish|hýt]]'' | ||
#At some point ''[[wikt:𐌵𐌴𐌽𐍃#Gothic|qēns]]'' and ''[[wikt:𐌵𐌹𐌽𐍉#Gothic|qinō]]'' merged into one word. | #At some point ''[[wikt:𐌵𐌴𐌽𐍃#Gothic|qēns]]'' and ''[[wikt:𐌵𐌹𐌽𐍉#Gothic|qinō]]'' merged into one word. | ||