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Niemish: Difference between revisions
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Other than /ɛː/ open vowels are short while close vowels are long or occur in diphthongs. In most dialects /ɛː/ has merged with /eː/, making the distinction between ⟨é⟩ and ⟨ä́⟩ purely a matter of whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalised. | Other than /ɛː/ open vowels are short while close vowels are long or occur in diphthongs. In most dialects /ɛː/ has merged with /eː/, making the distinction between ⟨é⟩ and ⟨ä́⟩ purely a matter of whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalised. | ||
The diphthongs in Niemish are all falling, ending on /j/, /w/ or a liquid consonant /l, lʲ, m, mʲ, n, nʲ, | The diphthongs in Niemish are all falling, ending on /j/, /w/ or a liquid consonant /l, lʲ, m, mʲ, n, nʲ, r, rʲ/: | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
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! rowspan=2 | Initial<br/>segment !! colspan=3 | Final segment | ! rowspan=2 | Initial<br/>segment !! colspan=3 | Final segment | ||
|- | |- | ||
! /_j/ !! /_w/ !! liquid consonant<br/>using / | ! /_j/ !! /_w/ !! liquid consonant<br/>using /r/ as example | ||
|- | |- | ||
| /a/ || ⟨aj⟩ || ⟨aw⟩ || ⟨ar⟩ | | /a/ || ⟨aj⟩ || ⟨aw⟩ || ⟨ar⟩ | ||
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| /e/ || ⟨ej⟩ || ⟨ew⟩ || ⟨er⟩ | | /e/ || ⟨ej⟩ || ⟨ew⟩ || ⟨er⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| /i/ || ⟨ij⟩<ref name="ijuw">⟨ij, uw⟩ are properly long vowels, only represented with this spelling where morphologically motivated, as in ''triuw'' / | | /i/ || ⟨ij⟩<ref name="ijuw">⟨ij, uw⟩ are properly long vowels, only represented with this spelling where morphologically motivated, as in ''triuw'' /tʲrʲuː/, ''triuwe'' /tʲrʲuːvʲə/.</ref> || ⟨iw⟩ || ⟨ir⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| /ɨ/ | | /ɨ/ | ||
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|} | |} | ||
# <small>Unstressed ⟨e⟩ when not absolutely final, e.g. ⟨gomen⟩ /ˈgoːmʲɪn/</small> | # <small>Unstressed ⟨e⟩ when not absolutely final, e.g. ⟨gomen⟩ /ˈgoːmʲɪn/</small> | ||
# <small>Unstressed ⟨e⟩ when absolutely final, e.g. ⟨grune⟩ / | # <small>Unstressed ⟨e⟩ when absolutely final, e.g. ⟨grune⟩ /ˈgruːnʲə/</small> | ||
A sequence of a hard consonant followed by a front vowel is realised with a velar offglide inserted (or a labiovelar offglide after labial consonants): | A sequence of a hard consonant followed by a front vowel is realised with a velar offglide inserted (or a labiovelar offglide after labial consonants): | ||
*dächs /dɛːxs/ [dɰɛːxs], dialectally [dɰeːxs] | *dächs /dɛːxs/ [dɰɛːxs], dialectally [dɰeːxs] | ||
*bärs / | *bärs /bɛrs/ [bwɛrs], dialectally [bwers] | ||
This also holds in dialects where /ə, ɨː/ have merged with /ɪ, i/ or [ɘ, eː]ː | This also holds in dialects where /ə, ɨː/ have merged with /ɪ, i/ or [ɘ, eː]ː | ||
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|(Q)||(q)||/k, kʲ/ | |(Q)||(q)||/k, kʲ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|R||r||/ | |R||r||/r, rʲ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|S||s||/s, sʲ/ | |S||s||/s, sʲ/ | ||