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Revision as of 12:02, 17 December 2022

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→‎Strong verbs

Tardigrade

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 ====Strong verbs====
-Strong verbs form their past tense and past participle by vowel change (ablaut). There are seven classes of strong verbs, depending on how the stem changes.
+==Strong verbs==
-{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
+Germanic language strong verbs are verbs that change the vowel in the stem to form the past and past participle, rather than add a suffix. For an English example, contrast ''fall-fell-fallen'' (strong) from ''fell-felled'' (weak).
-|+ Stem vowels of strong verbs by class
+The following is a table of all the different types and subtypes of strong verbs.
+{| class="wikitable"
+! colspan="2" |Strong verb classes
+! colspan="4" |Stem vowel
 |-
-! rowspan="2" | Class !! rowspan="2" | Subclass !! rowspan="2" | Present || colspan="3"| Past || rowspan="2" | Past participle
+!Class
+!Subclass
+!General
+!Past 1
+!Past 2
+!Past Participle
 |-
-! Singular !! Plural !! Subj.
+! colspan="2" |1
+|ei
+|ái
+| colspan="2" |i, aí (before h, ƕ, r)
 |-
-! rowspan="2" | 1 !! regular
+! rowspan="2" |2
-| -e- || -a- || -e- || -i- || -e-
+!2a
+|iu
+| rowspan="2" |áu
+| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |u, aú (before h, ƕ, r)
 |-
-! u-stem
+!2b
-| -ey- || -eu- || -y- || -y-
+|ū
 |-
-! 2 !! regular
+! colspan="2" |3
-| -y-<!--/-ou-/-u[å]--> || -å- || -u[å]- || -u[å]-
+|i, aí (before h, ƕ, r)
+|a
+| colspan="2" |u, aú (before h, ƕ, r)
 |-
-! 3 !! regular
+! rowspan="2" |4
-| -i[ä]- || -a- || -u[å]- || -u[å]-
+!4a
+|i, aí (before h, ƕ, r)
+| rowspan="2" |a
+| rowspan="2" |ē
+| rowspan="2" |u, aú
 |-
-! 4 !! regular
+!4b
-| -i[ä]- || -a- || -e- || -u[å]-
+|u, aú (before h, ƕ, r)
 |-
-! rowspan="2" | 5 !! regular
+! colspan="2" |5
-| -i[ä]- || -a- || -e- || -i[ä]-
+|i, aí (before h, ƕ, r)
+|a
+|ē
+|i, aí (before h, ƕ, r)
 |-
-! u-stem
+! colspan="2" |6
-| -y- || -å- || -eu- || -y-
+|a
+| colspan="2" |ō
+|a
 |-
-! 6 !! regular
+! rowspan="2" |7
-| -a- || colspan="2" | -o- || -a-
+!7a
+|C+a, ā, ái, au, áu, ē, or ō
+| colspan="2" |CaíC+infinitive vowel
+|same as infinitive
 |-
-! 7 !! regular
+!7b
-| (varies) || colspan="2" | -ä(Ce)- || (same as present)
+|C+ai, ē
+| colspan="2" |CaíCō
+|same as infinitive
 |}
+The "general" stem is used for the present tense, present participle and imperative. The "past 1" stem is used for the past tense indicative singular, and the "past 2" is used for the dual and plural indicative past as well as the past optative past in all numbers.
 ====example====