37
edits
Old Auregan: Difference between revisions
→Anomalous verbs
| Line 728: | Line 728: | ||
! style="background:#efefef;"|'will' | ! style="background:#efefef;"|'will' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|'''Infinitive''' || style="background:#efefef;"|– || dōn || gān || | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''Infinitive''' || style="background:#efefef;"|– || dōn || gān || willean | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;" rowspan="5"|'''Present Indicative''' | | style="background:#efefef;" rowspan="5"|'''Present Indicative''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|'''ic''' || | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''ic''' || dô(m) || gâ || will, wil(l)e | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|'''þū''' || | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''þū''' || dêst || gêst || wilt, wilest | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|'''hē/hit/hēo''' || | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''hē/hit/hēo''' || dêþ || gêþ || will, wil(l)e | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|'''wē/gē/hīe''' || | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''wē/gē/hīe''' || dôð || gâð || willeað | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;" rowspan="4"|'''Past Indicative''' | | style="background:#efefef;" rowspan="4"|'''Past Indicative''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|'''ic/hē/hit/hēo''' || deda || igda || | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''ic/hē/hit/hēo''' || deda || igda || wolda | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|'''þū''' || dedest || igdest || woldest | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''þū''' || dedest || igdest || woldest | ||
| Line 748: | Line 748: | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|'''wē/gē/hīe''' || dedon || igdon || woldon | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''wē/gē/hīe''' || dedon || igdon || woldon | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|'''Present Subjunctive''' || style="background:#efefef;"|'''(all persons)''' || | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''Present Subjunctive''' || style="background:#efefef;"|'''(all persons)''' || dô || gâ || wille | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|'''Past Subjunctive''' || style="background:#efefef;"|'''(all persons)''' || deda || igda || wolda | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''Past Subjunctive''' || style="background:#efefef;"|'''(all persons)''' || deda || igda || wolda | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;" colspan="2"| '''Present Participle''' || dōndi || – || | | style="background:#efefef;" colspan="2"| '''Present Participle''' || dōndi || – || willeandi | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;" colspan="2"|'''Past Participle''' || | | style="background:#efefef;" colspan="2"|'''Past Participle''' || gedōn || gegān / gegangon || - | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 765: | Line 765: | ||
! style="background:#efefef;"|'''wesan''' | ! style="background:#efefef;"|'''wesan''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|'''Infinitive''' || style="background:#efefef;"|– || | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''Infinitive''' || style="background:#efefef;"|– || sîn || *bîon || wesan | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;" rowspan="5"|'''Present Indicative''' | | style="background:#efefef;" rowspan="5"|'''Present Indicative''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|''' | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''iḳ, ic''' || em || bîom || *weso | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|''' | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''þû''' || art || bist || *wesest | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|''' | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''hî/hit/sîo''' || is || *biþ || *west | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|''' | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''wî/gî/hêa''' || âron, sind(on) || *bîoð || wesað | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;" rowspan="5"|'''Past Indicative''' | | style="background:#efefef;" rowspan="5"|'''Past Indicative''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|''' | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''iḳ, ic, ick''' || – || – || was | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|''' | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''þû''' || – || – || wâri | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|''' | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''hî/hit/sîo''' || – || – || was | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|''' | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''wî/gî/hêa''' || – || – || wâron | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;" rowspan="3"|'''Present Subjunctive''' | | style="background:#efefef;" rowspan="3"|'''Present Subjunctive''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|''' | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''iḳ/þû/hî/hit/sîo''' || sîe || *bîe || wese | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|''' | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''wî/gî/hêa''' || sîen || *bîen || wesen | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;" rowspan="3"|'''Past Subjunctive''' | | style="background:#efefef;" rowspan="3"|'''Past Subjunctive''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|''' | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''iḳ/þû/hî/hit/sîo''' || – || – || wâri | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|''' | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''wî/gî/hêa''' || – || – || wârin | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;" rowspan="3"|'''Imperative''' | | style="background:#efefef;" rowspan="3"|'''Imperative''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|'''(singular)''' || – || * | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''(singular)''' || – || *bîo || wes | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|'''(plural)''' || – || * | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''(plural)''' || – || *bîoð || wesað | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;" colspan="2"|'''Present Participle''' || – || * | | style="background:#efefef;" colspan="2"|'''Present Participle''' || – || *bîondi || wesendi | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;" colspan="2"|'''Past Participle''' || – || * | | style="background:#efefef;" colspan="2"|'''Past Participle''' || – || *gebîon || geweson | ||
|} | |} | ||
The present forms of ''wesan'' are almost never used. Therefore, ''wesan'' is used as the past, imperative, and present participle versions of ''sindon'', and does not have a separate meaning. The ''bēon'' forms are usually used in reference to future actions. Only the present forms of ''bēon'' contrast with the present forms of ''sindon''/''wesan'' in that ''bēon'' tends to be used to refer to eternal or permanent truths, while ''sindon''/''wesan'' is used more commonly to refer to temporary or subjective facts. This semantic distinction was lost as Old English developed into modern English, so that the modern verb 'to be' is a single verb which takes its present indicative forms from ''sindon,'' its past indicative forms from ''wesan,'' its present subjunctive forms from ''bēon,'' its past subjunctive forms from ''wesan,'' and its imperative and participle forms from ''bēon.'' In late OE and ME, the form earon/earun, from the [[Old Norse]] erun, replaced bēoþ and sind (See also [[List of English words of Old Norse origin]]). | The present forms of ''wesan'' are almost never used. Therefore, ''wesan'' is used as the past, imperative, and present participle versions of ''sindon'', and does not have a separate meaning. The ''bēon'' forms are usually used in reference to future actions. Only the present forms of ''bēon'' contrast with the present forms of ''sindon''/''wesan'' in that ''bēon'' tends to be used to refer to eternal or permanent truths, while ''sindon''/''wesan'' is used more commonly to refer to temporary or subjective facts. This semantic distinction was lost as Old English developed into modern English, so that the modern verb 'to be' is a single verb which takes its present indicative forms from ''sindon,'' its past indicative forms from ''wesan,'' its present subjunctive forms from ''bēon,'' its past subjunctive forms from ''wesan,'' and its imperative and participle forms from ''bēon.'' In late OE and ME, the form earon/earun, from the [[Old Norse]] erun, replaced bēoþ and sind (See also [[List of English words of Old Norse origin]]). | ||