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Old Ynju: Difference between revisions
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| image = [[File:Old_Ynju_Mittalo-Tenghinic_Syllabary.png|250px]] | | image = [[File:Old_Ynju_Mittalo-Tenghinic_Syllabary.png|250px]] | ||
| imagesize = 250px | | imagesize = 250px | ||
| imagecaption = "Yndu" in [https://www.reddit.com/r/neography/comments/1769pf2/tenghinomittaalic_syllabary/ Tenghino-Mittaalic] script | | imagecaption = "Yndu" in [https://www.reddit.com/r/neography/comments/1769pf2/tenghinomittaalic_syllabary/ Old Tenghino-Mittaalic] script | ||
| name = Old Ynju | | name = Old Ynju | ||
| region = Southeastern part of Western Continent | | region = Southeastern part of Western Continent | ||
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| child2 = [[Mitaal]] | | child2 = [[Mitaal]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
[[File:Old_Ynju_Middle_Tenghino_Mittaalic_script.png|250px]] "Yndu" in Middle Tenghino-Mittaalic script | |||
'''Old Ynju''' (also called Old Mitaal) is a language from [[Mittaali languages|Mittaali]] language family, which is an ancestor of two languages: [[Ynju]] and [[Mitaal]] | '''Old Ynju''' (also called Old Mitaal) is a language from [[Mittaali languages|Mittaali]] language family, which is an ancestor of two languages: [[Ynju]] and [[Mitaal]] | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
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|} | |} | ||
===Development from Proto-Ynju-Wenth=== | ===Development from Proto-Ynju-Wenth=== | ||
Old Ynju features palatalisation of sequences *tj, *kj and *sj to t͡ʃ and ʃ. [[Proto-Ynju-Wenth]] stops *p *t *k lenited to [b], [d] and [g] intervocalicly, with [b] and [g] leniting to [w] and [j] respectivly when they are near a sonorant. In Ynju b d and g lenited further into [β], [j] and [h]. Geminated stops are retained in Ynju but became degeminated in Mitaal, making voicing phonemic. PYW *ʂ became ʃ everywhere. Sequences of a semivowel + vowel and vowel + semivowel monophtongised: | Old Ynju features palatalisation of sequences *tj, *kj and *sj to t͡ʃ and ʃ. [[Proto-Ynju-Wenth]] stops *p *t *k lenited to [b], [d] and [g] intervocalicly, with [b] and [g] leniting to [w] and [j] respectivly when they are near a sonorant, which isn't written in Old Mittaalo-Tenghinic Script. In Ynju b d and g lenited further into [β], [j] and [h]. Geminated stops are retained in Ynju but became degeminated in Mitaal, making voicing phonemic. PYW *ʂ became ʃ everywhere. Sequences of a semivowel + vowel and vowel + semivowel monophtongised: | ||
{| Class="wikitable" | {| Class="wikitable" | ||
! Proto-Ynju-Wenth !! Old Ynju !! Envoirement | ! Proto-Ynju-Wenth !! Old Ynju !! Envoirement | ||
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| wi, ju || y || {C, #}_ | | wi, ju || y || {C, #}_ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ajwa, awja || øː || Any | | ajwa, awja, ajwi, awju, ujwa, iwja || øː || Any | ||
|- | |||
| iwju, ujwi || yː || Any | |||
|} | |} | ||
===Romanisation=== | |||
[ø] is oe, [y] is y, long vowels are doubled, [t͡ʃ] and [ʃ] are c and š | |||
==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
Old Ynju is an very regular, SVO head-initial, agglutinative language, much like other Mittaali languages. Nouns follow Nominative-Accusative alignment and verbs are conjugated for mood, voice, tense and aspect. | Old Ynju is an very regular, SVO head-initial, agglutinative language, much like other Mittaali languages. Nouns follow Nominative-Accusative alignment and verbs are conjugated for mood, voice, tense and aspect. | ||
===Nouns=== | |||
Nouns have following cases:<br> | |||
Nominative: no marking<br> | |||
Accutative: -but<br> | |||
Locative: -gul<br> | |||
Dative: -wa<br> | |||
Lative: -lak<br> | |||
Instrumental: -lyy<br> | |||
Comitative: -sfi<br> | |||
Genetive: -ca<br> | |||
Plural is formed by adding -kus after case suffix. Nominalisation is by adding suffix -li with lengthening of a vowel. | |||
===Verbs=== | |||
Verbs are conjugated for mood, voice, tense and aspect (in this order). Old Ynju, like other Mittaali languages lacks infinitive. Imperative is formed by reduplicating the verb. Conditional by adding -gu, which also modifies certain vowel before it: | |||
{| Class="wikitable" | |||
! Before !! After | |||
|- | |||
| a < *a || u | |||
|- | |||
| o < *wa || wu | |||
|- | |||
| i < *i || a | |||
|- | |||
| e < *ja || y | |||
|- | |||
| y < *wi || o | |||
|- | |||
| øː < *iwja || yː | |||
|- | |||
| øː < *ajwa || eːwu | |||
|- | |||
| øː < *ujwa || yːwu | |||
|- | |||
| yː < *ujwi || øː | |||
|} | |||
Passive voice is formed by adding -mri, Middle voice by adding -gut. Following tense suffixes are reconstructed:<br>Present tense is unmarked<br>Past: -lja<br>Future: -cu<br>Perfective aspect is unmarked, while Imperfective is marked with -fsa. Habitual is formed by suffix -mu with lengthening of a vowel. | |||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||