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Old Ynju: Difference between revisions
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| iwju, ujwi || yː || Any | | iwju, ujwi || yː || Any | ||
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==Romanisation== | |||
[ø] is oe, [y] is y, long vowels are doubled, [t͡ʃ] and [ʃ] are c and sh | |||
==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
Old Ynju is an very regular, SVO head-initial, agglutinative language, much like other Mittaali languages. Nouns follow Nominative-Accusative alignment and verbs are conjugated for mood, voice, tense and aspect. | Old Ynju is an very regular, SVO head-initial, agglutinative language, much like other Mittaali languages. Nouns follow Nominative-Accusative alignment and verbs are conjugated for mood, voice, tense and aspect. | ||
===Nouns=== | |||
Nouns have following cases:<br> | |||
Nominative: no marking<br> | |||
Accutative: -but<br> | |||
Locative: -gul<br> | |||
Dative: -wa<br> | |||
Lative: -lak<br> | |||
Instrumental: -lyy<br> | |||
Comitative: -sfi<br> | |||
Genetive: -ca<br> | |||
Plural is formed by adding -kus after case suffix. Nominalisation is by adding suffix -li with lengthening of a vowel. | |||
===Verbs=== | |||
Verbs are conjugated for mood, voice, tense and aspect (in this order). Old Ynju, like other Mittaali languages lacks infinitive. Imperative is formed by reduplicating the verb. Conditional by adding -gu, which also modifies certain vowel before it: | |||
{| Class="wikitable" | |||
! Before !! After | |||
|- | |||
| a < *a || u | |||
|- | |||
| o < *wa || wu | |||
|- | |||
| i < *i || a | |||
|- | |||
| e < ja || y | |||
|- | |||
| y < wi || o | |||
|- | |||
| øː < iwja || yː | |||
|- | |||
| øː < ajwa || eːwu | |||
|- | |||
| øː < ujwa || yːwu | |||
|- | |||
| yː < ujwi || øː | |||
|} | |||
Passive voice is formed by adding -mri, Middle voice by adding -gut. Following tense suffixes are reconstructed:<br>Present tense is unmarked<br>Past: -lja<br>Future: -cu<br>Perfective aspect is unmarked, while Imperfective is marked with -fsa. Habitual is formed by suffix -mu with lengthening of a vowel. | |||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||