Páuluòbeng: Difference between revisions

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! common || neuter || common || neuter
! common || neuter || common || neuter
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| ''yi<sup>L</sup>, yin''<br/>''yi bpràn'' /jɪ bɹæ̂ːn/ || ''yi, yin''<br/>''yi hǎr'' /jɪ xæ̌:(ɹ)/ || ''na''<br/>''na bprànr'' /nə bɹæ̂ːnə/ || ''na<sup>L''</sup><br/>''na γǎr'' /nə ɣæ̌:(ɹ)/
| ''yi<sup>L</sup>, yin''<br/>''yi bpràn'' /jɪ bɹæ̂ːn/ 'the corner' || ''yi, yin''<br/>''yi hǎr'' /jɪ xæ̌:(ɹ)/ 'the flower' || ''na''<br/>''na bprànr'' /nə bɹæ̂ːnə/ 'the corners' || ''na<sup>L''</sup><br/>''na γǎr'' /nə ɣæ̌:(ɹ)/ 'the flowers'
|}
|}



Revision as of 17:01, 31 May 2019

Baoluoveng (yi bPáuluòbeng) is a minority language closely related to Ciètian, but is distinct enough to be regarded as a separate language. It is inspired by Mandarin, Ufirlandisg, and Yorkshire English.

respell to make it look less mandarin

Figure out how to assign tones

Todo

Glottal reinforcement mania

Final schwa > tone split

dr tr sr > jh ch sh; jhil, jhim, jhin, jhing > jhul, jhum, jhun, jhung

lr̀ /lɛ̂ː(ɹ)/ = sap, syrup

ehcung, yi h-ehcung; pl. ehcungr /əhˈkʊ̄ŋ, əhˈkȭː(ɹ)/ = mountain

dèe, yi dèe; pl. dèen /têː, têːn/ = valley

yi syøød /ɕɥǿːʔ/ = rose

mand /manʔ/ = to take

ted /təʔ/ = beautiful

dùn /tû:n/ = far

duāilig /ˈtwɑ́ːljəʔ/ = to demand, to pester

yi mār /mǽ:/ = tree

jyarm /t͡ɕǽ:m/ 'heavy'

yi kaθr /ˈkʰaħə/ 'flower'

ái /ɑ̌ː/ 'gold'

neħdir /nəhtjə/ = chain

Phonology

Mandarin/Ufirlandisg/Allemanisch consonants; Yorkshire vowels

Tones

Báoluòveng is a strongly pitch-accent language.

Three tones for long vowels:

  • ā or a: mid level, relaxed
  • á: rising
  • à: falling

Consonants

p b f v t d c z s з /z/ q j x ξ /ʑ/ ch zh sh r /ɹ/ k g h γ /ɣ/ θ /ħ/ ħ /h/ m n ng l w y - stops are devoiced, as in Mandarin

  • /tʂw tʂʰw ʂw ɹw/ labialize to /pf pfʰ f ʋ/ before /u y ɥ w/
  • h = /x/ θ = /ħ/, ħ = /h/

Vowels

Baoluoveng doesn't like closing diphthongs very much, unlike Standard Cièdian.

Short vowels:

  • a ie i o u ü /a (j)ɛ (w)ɪ (w)ɔ (w)ʊ (ɥ)ʏ/

Long vowels:

  • ai ei uai ui ie üe /ɑː~aɪ eː waɪ~wɑː weː jeː ɥøː/
    • [aɪ] is the Canadian-raised allophone of /ɑː/
  • ao iao ou iu /aʊ~əʊ jaʊ~əʊ oː joː/
    • [əʊ] is the Canadian-raised allophone of /aʊ/
  • ì ù ǜ /(j)iː uː (ɥ)yː/

R-linking vowels:

  • uor, uòr, uò, ur, ùr /(w)ɔː(ɹ)/
  • (i)ar, (i)àr, (i)à /(j)æː(ɹ)/
  • r, eir /ɛː(ɹ)/
  • ir, ìr /jɛː(ɹ)/
  • ür, ǜr /jɔː(ɹ)~ɥœː(ɹ)/
  • uir /wɛː(ɹ)/
  • air aor our /æː(ɹ), ɑː(ɹ), ɔː(ɹ)/
  • angr engr ingr (u)ongr ungr üngr /ɑ̃ː(ɹ) ɜ̃ː(ɹ) jɜ̃ː(ɹ) ɔ̃ː(ɹ) ɔ̃ː(ɹ) ɥɜ̃ː(ɹ)/
    • e.g. liangr /ljɑ̃̀ː(ɹ)/ 'dream'

Unstressed vowels:

  • final -r = /(j)ə(ɹ)/
  • final -i = /ɪ/
  • final -ou = /o/

Many grammatical endings are merged in Páuluòbeng.

Linking R
  • Example of linking R: yi χazr àrd [jɪ ˈxazə ɹ‿æ̂ːʔ] 'the big flower' (cf. Cièdian: ye χazerr àrd [jə ˈxazər ʔɔɯt])
  • No linking R: yi búθ àrd [jɪ ˈpǔːħ æ̂ːʔ] 'the big cave' (cf. Cièdian: ye bùθa àrd [jə ˈpuːhə ʔɔɯt])

Mutations

Báoluòveng has no eclipsis mutation, unlike Cièdian. Lenition is similar to Cièdian.

Grammar

Nouns

The Páuluòbeng noun system is much simpler than in Cièdian: there is no case, and the masculine and the feminine merged to the common gender.

Definite article
singular plural
common neuter common neuter
yiL, yin
yi bpràn /jɪ bɹæ̂ːn/ 'the corner'
yi, yin
yi hǎr /jɪ xæ̌:(ɹ)/ 'the flower'
na
na bprànr /nə bɹæ̂ːnə/ 'the corners'
naL
na γǎr /nə ɣæ̌:(ɹ)/ 'the flowers'

Nouns are usually pluralized with -r. If the singular already ends in -r, the plural is unchanged except possibly with a tone change.

Verbs

The -ìn preterite, derived from the Tigol -ín participle, is used with split-ergativity depending on whether the verb is transitive.