Pangali: Difference between revisions

|fam1 = [[Pangalu]]

|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] (Romanization, academic)

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The language is classified as an agglutinative language isolate with a tripartite morphosyntatic alignment that declines nouns under a 12 case system and conjugates verbs for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Adjectives are not inflected and have zero-grade derivation for adverbial phrases.  

The primary word order is OSV, however due to nouns being heavily inflected other word orders are possible, with SOV being the most prominently encountered alternate order. Whereas in many languages adpositions are used to indicate different relations between phrases, Pangali typically makes use of existing cases or a variation of Suffixaufnahme (also known as case stacking), wherein different cases are combined to carry the function of an adpositional function not normally covered by the standard twelve.

== Phonology and Orthography ==

=== Phoneme Inventory ===

Pangali's consonant inventory weighs in at a respectable 14 consonants if one doesn't include geminates, 21 consonants if one does, and a final 26 if one also includes allophonic variations. Some unique features that may be noted are the presence of phonemic prenasalized stops and phonemic consonant length amongst the nasals, fricatives, and the lateral approximant.

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==== Vowels ====

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|+ '''Pangali Vowel Inventory'''

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=== Romanization ===

The Pangalu have no writing system and due to cultural reasons have declined offers to be taught the Romanization provided by academics. Despite this, field linguists who have begun the process of recording the language have developed a relatively Anglo-centric Romanization system, which is presented below in the following tables and shall be used throughout this article.

==== Consonants ====

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|+ '''Pangali Consonant Romanization'''

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==== Vowels ====

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=== Allophonic Variation ===  

===== Intervocalic Lenition =====

===== Lowering of /i/ and /u/ =====

<u>/i/ and /u/ are lowered preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:</u>

*''sintu'' /siⁿtu/ = [ˈsɛ.ⁿtu]

*''hunga'' /ʔuŋa/ = [ˈʔɔ. ŋa]

===== Labio-Velar Fortition =====

<u>/w/ is fortifies to [g^w] in stressed onset positions preceding /u/ and to [v] intervocalically when the preceding syllable is unstressed.</u>

*''wupani'' /wupani/ = [ˈg^wu.pa.ni]

**''wapani'' /wapani/ = [ˈwa.pa.ni], not *[ˈg^wa.pa.ni]

===== /a/ Reduction =====

<u>/a/ is reduced to /ə/ in word final syllables if the preceding syllable is unstressed.</u>

*/u^ŋkula/ = [ˈɔ.^ŋku.lə]

**''ngkila'' /^ŋkila/ = [ˈ^ŋkila], not *[^ˈŋkilə]