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| == Syntax == | | == Syntax == |
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| {| {{Table/bluetable}}
| | === Main clause === |
| ! style="min-width: 100px;" | WALS Ch.
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| ! style="min-width: 200px;" | Structure
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| ! style="min-width: 400px;" | Examples
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| | WALS 81 - 84
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| | SOXV
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| | — [S: the dog] [O: the cat] [X: to the tree] [V: chases]
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| |-
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| | WALS 85
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| | Prepositions
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| | — [PP: to] [N: the tree]
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| |-
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| | WALS 86
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| | Genitive Noun
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| | — [G: the cat's] [N: toy]
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| |-
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| | WALS 87
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| | Noun Adjective
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| | — [N: dog] [Adj: big]
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| |-
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| | WALS 88
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| | Noun Determiner
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| | — [N: dog] [Det: that]
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| |-
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| | WALS 89
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| | Numeral Noun
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| | — [Num: three] [N: balls]
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| |-
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| | WALS 94
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| | Internal subordinator word
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| | — [S: the dog] [Adv: if] [V: sees]
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| |-
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| | WALS 100
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| | Active alignment
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| | — [Act: the dog] [Pas: the cat] [V: chases] <br>— [Act: the dog] [V: walks] <br>— [Pas: the cat] [V: falls]
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| |-
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| | WALS 122
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| | Gap
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| | [S:[R: a wool have-not] sheep] [O:horses] [V:sees]
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| |-
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| | WALS 123
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| | Relativization on Obliques
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| | — [Act: the dog] [Pas: the cat] [V: chases] <br>— [Act: the dog] [V: walks] <br>— [Pas: the cat] [V: falls]
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| |}
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| === Relative constructions ===
| | Proto-Almaic is primarily a VSO language, with alternate orders such as SVO, employed for topic introduction, and VOS, a result of pragmatic marking, being less common. |
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| Proto-angaran builds relative constructions with the help of demonstratives. Generally speaking, a correlative construction with a demonstrative in the relative and main clauses is the most versatile, but Passive-relative constructions can drop the demonstrative from the main clause, and Active-relative constructions can drop all the demonstratives and fully rely in word order instead.
| | === The verb phrase === |
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| ; Active (sheep)
| | The verb phrase is, maximally, as follows: |
| :; Regular clause | | |
| :: The sheep wool not has.
| | : (Preposition) '''Verb''' (Adverbs) (Auxiliary Verb) |
| :::''The sheep had no wool.'' | | |
| :; Gapping
| | Preverbal adpositions are valency increasing operators. These are usually applied before intransitive verbs to have them take a locative object, though they might also serve to form dative or causative constructions. Only a small subset of adpositions is allowed in this role. |
| :: The sheep [wool not has] horses saw.
| | Adverbs are usually located directly after the main verb, when multiple adverbs are used they obey the following order: |
| ::: ''The sheep (who) had no wool saw horses.''
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| :: A horse sheep [wool not has] saw.
| | : Time – Manner – Place |
| ::: ''A horse saw the sheep (who) had no wool.''
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| :; Demonstrative
| | Some functional adverbs, such as questions and conditionals will be located in other positions, such as at the beginning of the clause or at the end. |
| :: The sheep [that wool not has] horses saw.
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| ::: ''The sheep that had no wool saw horses.''
| | Auxiliary verbs are used to express certain tenses and aspects that main verbs have no inflections for, such as the future tense and the progressive aspect. When an auxiliary is used, the main verb takes no inflections, other than preverbal adpositions. |
| :: A horse sheep [that wool not has] saw.
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| ::: ''A horse saw the sheep that had no wool.''
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| :; Correlative
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| :: [sheep that wool not has], sheep that horses saw.
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| ::: ''The sheep has no wool, that sheep saw horses.'' | |
| ; Passive (wagon)
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| :; Regular clause | |
| :: The horse a wagon pulling.
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| ::: ''The horse pulling a wagon.''
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| :; Demonstrative
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| :: The sheep a wagon [the horse that pulling] rides.
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| ::: ''The sheep rides a wagon, that the horse is pulling.''
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| :; Correlative
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| :: [The horse wagon that pulling], the sheep wagon that rides.
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| ::: ''The horse is pulling a wagon, the sheep rides that wagon.''
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| ; Oblique (hill)
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| :; Regular clause
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| :: The sheep them from a hill saw
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| ::: ''The sheep saw them from a hill''
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| :; Correlative
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| :: [The sheep them from hill that saw], we hill that love
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| ::: ''The sheep we saw from that hill, we love that hill''
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| == Grammar == | | == Grammar == |