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Proto-Dynic: Difference between revisions
→Subject and object marking
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! <small>singular</small> | ! <small>singular</small> | ||
! <small>plural</small> | ! <small>plural</small> | ||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |||
! | ! 1st person | ||
| ''*ti-'' | | ''*ti-'' | ||
| ''*wi-'' | | ''*wi-'' | ||
| ''*-tēc-'' | | ''*-tēc-'' | ||
| ''*-wēc-'' | | ''*-wēc-'' | ||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |||
! 2nd person | |||
| ''*ni-'' | |||
| ''*i-'' | |||
| ''*-nik-'' | |||
| ''*-yēc-'' | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |||
! 3rd person | |||
| colspan="2" | ''*Ø-'' | |||
| colspan="2" | ''*-aki-'' | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |||
! 4rd person | |||
| colspan="2" | ''*so-'' | |||
| colspan="2" | ''*-sik-'' | |||
|} | |} | ||
The third person and fourth person pronominal clitics are used to keep track of multiple third person arguments within discourse, any may also be referred to as the ''third person proximate'' and ''third person obviate'' respectively. The third person is assigned to the more salient argument, or the argument which has appeared before. | |||
:{{interlinear|box=yes | |||
| *árkʷ *Ø- *êhi *-dəi *-arusu *ti- *aki- *mǐ *-dəsu | |||
| boat 3S- arrive.INF -PFV.INF -COP.CONCL 1SG- 3O- see.INF -PFV.CONCL | |||
| 'A boat came. I saw it (the boat).'}} | |||
:{{interlinear|box=yes | |||
| *árkʷ *Ø- *êhi *-dəi *-arusu *ti- *sik- *mǐ *-dəsu | |||
| boat 3S- arrive.INF -PFV.INF -COP.CONCL 1SG- 4O- see.INF -PFV.CONCL | |||
| 'A boat came. I saw them/it (something or someone else).'}} | |||
Third person clitics can be dropped when the third person argument is a part of the same clause. | |||
:{{interlinear|box=yes | |||
| *árkʷ *ti- *mǐ *-dəsu | |||
| boat 1SG- see.INF -PFV.CONCL | |||
| 'I saw a boat.'}} | |||
:{{interlinear|box=yes | |||
| *árkʷ *Ø- *êhi *-dəi *-aru *ti- *mǐ *-dəsu | |||
| boat 3S- arrive.INF -PFV.INF -COP.ADN 1SG- see.INF -PFV.CONCL | |||
| 'I saw that the boat came.'}} | |||
==== Conjugation ==== | ==== Conjugation ==== | ||