Linguifex

Proto-Flewtish: Difference between revisions

Page Discussion

Proto-Flewtish (view source)

Revision as of 16:42, 1 May 2024

5,000 bytes added ,  1 May
→‎Numerals
 
(15 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 5: Line 5:
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name              = Proto-Flewtish
|name              = Proto-Flewtish
|state            = Possibly Northeast Eurasia
|creator          = Aggelos Tselios
|familycolor      = Language isolate
|target            = [[Flewtish]]
|fam1              = [[w:Language isolate|Language Isolate]]
|region            = Possibly Northeast Eurasia, near Mongolia, Korea and China, as well as the Kamchatkan Peninsula.
|era              = 2300–1500 BCE
|familycolor      =
|map              = Proto-Flewtish Urheimat.png
|mapcaption        = Proto-Flewtish [[w:Urheimat|Urheimat]]. The exact borders are obviously unknown, but are assumed to be these due to other languages in the area.
|mapsize          = 256px
|notice            = IPA
|notice            = IPA
}}
}}


Proto-Flewtish is the reconstructed common ancestor to all the [[Flewtish]] dialects today, spoken somewhere in the southeast of Russia and northern parts Mongolia, all the way to [[w:Kamchatka|Kamchatka]]. Since Flewtish is made up of a number of dialects with regional variations, the reconstruction is done by comparing the dialectal "extremes" within the spoken area, usually [[Kvuppeg Fletwish]] in Eastern Finland and Chukwan Flewtish near the Ukhta river. It is hypothesized to have been spoken between 4000 to 2000BC, when the first migrations to northwest Eurasia began.
Proto-Flewtish is the reconstructed common ancestor to all the [[Flewtish]] dialects today, spoken somewhere in the southeast of Russia and northern parts Mongolia, all the way to [[w:Kamchatka|Kamchatka]]. Since Flewtish is made up of a number of dialects with regional variations, the reconstruction is done by comparing the dialectal "extremes" within the spoken area, usually [[Kvuppeg Fletwish]] in Eastern Finland and Chukwan Flewtish near the Ukhta river. It is hypothesized to have been spoken between 2300 to 1500BC, when the first migrations to northwest Eurasia began.
 
As the Flewtish speakers reached modern day Finland and the Arkhangelsk oblast, their language became the lingua franca of the area, wiping out the local languages that existed there. Due to the harsh conditions of the area, along with the socio-linguistic differences of different areas (eg. Turkic and Uralic tribes often conquered Flewtish-speaking areas by force, creating a new [[w:Adstratum|adstratum]]), Flewtish started differentiating into a series of dialects. The most distant one, Kvuppeg Flewtish (Spoken in Eastern Finland, specifically around the city Kuumu) is still spoken today, after 4000 years, with over 100.000 speakers.
 
To indicate whether a term is reconstructed, an asterisk (*) is used, eg ''*ʔanák, *qenpua and *-mep''.
 
==History==
Proto-Flewtish was initially a series of closely related dialects spoken in the far east of what is today China, Russia, and a slight bit of Mongolia. It's history before that is completely unknown. During the late 14th century BCE, following harsh winters, raids from other tribes in the area, and the need for a better climate, Proto-Flewtish speakers started a conquest in the entirety of Siberia. By the time they reached what is now south [[w:Sakha republic|Yakutia]], they were well aware of speakers of other popular proto-languages (for example Proto-Turkic, Proto-Uralic and Proto-Indo-European), and so, they decided that the best idea would be to move westwards until they reached the sea.


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
Line 119: Line 131:
===Syntax===
===Syntax===
Modern day Flewtish has a very weak, almost non-existent distinction between verbs. This is a relatively late evolution, as Proto-Flewtish included much more extensive verb inflection. Still, the use of pronouns before verbs to indicate the subject is a recent addition of the southern dialects, exactly due to the weak distinction between a verb and an object. As a result, Proto-Flewtish was probably less of a polysynthetic language and slightly closer to an analytical one, where the most conservative dialects still lean towards.
Modern day Flewtish has a very weak, almost non-existent distinction between verbs. This is a relatively late evolution, as Proto-Flewtish included much more extensive verb inflection. Still, the use of pronouns before verbs to indicate the subject is a recent addition of the southern dialects, exactly due to the weak distinction between a verb and an object. As a result, Proto-Flewtish was probably less of a polysynthetic language and slightly closer to an analytical one, where the most conservative dialects still lean towards.
===Animation distinction & Gender===
Most Flewtish dialects have preserved a system of "animacy agreement", similar to how genders work in [[w:Indo-European languages|IE languages]]. The actual usage may vary, but in general, if the object of the sentence is animate, or/and the verb of the sentence involves showing animacy, all three parts of the sentence must take an animate suffix to indicate the sentence talks about something that is alive. Given that, Proto-Flewtish is reconstructed to have differentiated between animate and inanimate nouns, and, as a result, may have developed genders early on that survive to this form. The exact way they worked isn't yet understood, but it's assumed to have been similar to Proto-Indo-European.


===Morphology and inflection===
===Morphology and inflection===
Line 136: Line 151:


===Noun cases===
===Noun cases===
Proto-Flewtish had as few as 10 and as many as 20 noun cases, depending on what can be considered as a case or not.
For Proto-Flewtish, 11 cases have been reconstructed. Cases in Flewtish are equivalent to English prepositions, however the ablative case is reconstructed to have had an independent morpheme outside the word to indicate whether the object was moving or not.
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Proto-Flewtish grammatical cases
|-
! Case name !! Proto-Flewtish suffix !! Descendants
|-
| Genitive ||  *t-, *-te(n) || *-d, *-den
|-
| Accusative || *-m || -n
|-
| Locative || *-mu || -mu
|-
| Vocative || *-he || ''Kvuppeg Flewtish'' -ej
|-
| Adessive || *-no || Old Flewtish ''-on''
|-
| Dative || *e-, *-zeɣ || (e(t)-), -se(g~k)
|-
| Ablative || (*un-) *-s || on, -s
|-
| Essive || -ziɣ || -i
|-
| Translative || *-ot || ''Kvuppeg Flewtish'' -ot
|-
| Intrative || *pv- -pob || (ṕ-), -pop
|-
| Superessive || *o-, *-on || (Merged with the locative)
|}


==Vocabulary==
==Vocabulary==
Line 149: Line 192:
| *zârg || Sal || One
| *zârg || Sal || One
|-
|-
| *ʔɘwȳn || Āy || Two
| *ʔɘwǘn || Āy || Two
|-
|-
| *déjɘn || Degn || Three
| *déjɘn || Degn || Three
Line 161: Line 204:
| *ʔévə || Ewe || Seven
| *ʔévə || Ewe || Seven
|-
|-
| *jysqȳ || Xü || Eight
| *jüsqǘ || Xü || Eight
|-
|-
| *ʔanák || Nakk || Nine
| *ʔanák || Nakk || Nine
|-
|-
| *kərbùsp || Karposht || Ten
| *kərbùsp || Karposht || Ten
|-
| *let- || loð- || To count
|-
| *liqa- || lik- || To add
|-
| *teva- || ṫa- || To remember days
|}
|}


Line 174: Line 223:
! Proto-Flewtish !! Modern Flewtish !! English
! Proto-Flewtish !! Modern Flewtish !! English
|-
|-
| *bʰəberp || vetrep || || Father
| *bʰəberp || vetrep || Father
|-
|-
| *mɘma || mama || Mother
| *mɘma || mama || Mother
Line 189: Line 238:
|-
|-
| *qenpua || kepwa || Cousin
| *qenpua || kepwa || Cousin
|}
===Food===
As Flewtish speakers lived a hunter-gatherer nomadic lifestyle, they had a series of words for hunting activities. Due to their extensive contact with Turkic
and Mongolic tribes during that era, many of these words survive only in older attestations or Kvuppeg Flewtish (The most conservative dialect).
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Food and related terms in Proto-Flewtish
|-
! Proto-Flewtish !! Modern Flewtish !! English
|-
| *otvəp || Kvuppeg Flewtish '''twäpp''' || Food
|-
| *gʰonf || ɣoń || Water
|-
| *kiqegp || '''Old Flewtish''' 𐰚𐰃𐰤𐰍𐰅𐰯 (kingep) || Wheat
|-
| *qovɘp || kwepp || Meat
|-
| *zqapvo- || skaṕ- || To cook/to bake
|-
| *jepve- || ɣeṕ- || To eat
|-
| *zlepve- || sceṕ- || To drink
|-
| *qpoʔge- || '''Kvuppeg Flewtish''' qog- || To go for hunting
|-
| *akpɘv- || akeṕ- || Hunt
|-
| *ypvoq- || uṕog- || To chase an animal
|-
| *jeʔkt- || ɣegd- || To find a lost animal
|}
===Animals===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Animal terms in Proto-Flewtish
|-
! Proto-Flewtish !! Descendants !! English
|-
| *darqop || dakrop || Tiger
|-
| *nepovɘ || neoṕe || Bear
|-
| *qpevɘg || peweg || Dog
|-
| *mɘu || mau (?) || Cat
|-
| *mvaʔdɘrqop || ''Kvuppeg Flewtish'' ḿadäkpo || Kitty
|-
| *dʰreɣup || ðejup || Hedgehog
|-
| *ʔikʰop (?) || ȳhop || Horse
|-
| *kepvɘʔlo || ''Chukwa Flewtish'' кепьло (keṕlo) || Worm
|-
| *ɣuvog || juwo || Bull
|-
| *qɘɣog || ḱewo || Chicken
|-
| *pʰiɣuvog || ''Kvuppeg Flewtish'' fijuwo || Ox
|-
| *xetʔmɘ || xetuḿ || (Siberian) salmon
|-
| *detpo- || tepo- || To domesticate
|}
|}


Tselios
447

edits

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/342411...368335"