138,726
edits
Quame languages: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
m
→Family tree
m (→Nominals) |
m (→Family tree) |
||
| (12 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 28: | Line 28: | ||
|label1=[[Tigol]] | |label1=[[Tigol]] | ||
|1={{clade | |1={{clade | ||
|label1= | |label1=Anbiric | ||
|1={{clade | |1={{clade | ||
|1=[[Anbirese]] (pseudo-Sino-Korean) | |||
}} | |||
|label2=Ciètic | |||
|2={{clade | |||
|1=[[Ciètian]] (pseudo-Mandarin) | |1=[[Ciètian]] (pseudo-Mandarin) | ||
|2 | |2=[[Páuluòbeng]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
| | |label3=Skellic | ||
| | |3={{clade | ||
|1=[[Skellan]] (Hmooby Icelando-Welsh) | |1=[[Skellan]] (Hmooby Icelando-Welsh) | ||
|2=[[Loðagese]] | |2=[[Loðagese]] | ||
| Line 56: | Line 59: | ||
|1=[[Tizian]] | |1=[[Tizian]] | ||
|2=[[Atzopic]] | |2=[[Atzopic]] | ||
|3=[[Whetmer]] | |3=[[Xaetjeon]] | ||
|4=[[Whetmer]] | |||
}} | }} | ||
|label3= | |label3=[[Bonzic]] | ||
|3=[[Aewedanoan]] | |3=[[Bonzic]] | ||
|label4= | |||
|4=[[Aewedanoan]] | |||
}} | }} | ||
}} | }} | ||
| Line 74: | Line 80: | ||
! rowspan="2" |Labial | ! rowspan="2" |Labial | ||
! rowspan="2" |Dental | ! rowspan="2" |Dental | ||
! rowspan="2" | | ! rowspan="2" |Alveolar | ||
! rowspan="2" |Palatal | ! rowspan="2" |Palatal | ||
! colspan="2" |Velar | ! colspan="2" |Velar | ||
| Line 98: | Line 104: | ||
! |<small>plain</small> | ! |<small>plain</small> | ||
| '''*p''' | | '''*p''' | ||
| '''*c''' | |||
| '''*t''' | | '''*t''' | ||
| | | | ||
| '''*k''' | | '''*k''' | ||
| Line 109: | Line 115: | ||
! |<small>ejective</small> | ! |<small>ejective</small> | ||
| '''*pʼ''' | | '''*pʼ''' | ||
| '''*cʼ''' | |||
| '''*tʼ''' | | '''*tʼ''' | ||
| | | | ||
| '''*kʼ''' | | '''*kʼ''' | ||
| Line 120: | Line 126: | ||
! |<small>voiced</small> | ! |<small>voiced</small> | ||
| '''*b''' | | '''*b''' | ||
| '''*z''' | |||
| '''*d''' | | '''*d''' | ||
| | | | ||
| '''*g''' | | '''*g''' | ||
| Line 235: | Line 241: | ||
* three cases: nominative, accusative, and genitive. | * three cases: nominative, accusative, and genitive. | ||
** Some speculate that Proto-Quame originally had an intransitive-transitive alignment. The nominative and accusative may have originally been intransitive and transitive cases respectively, since stative verbs in the 3rd person singular have nominative endings, while eventive verbs in the 3rd person singular have endings similar to accusative endings. | ** Some speculate that Proto-Quame originally had an intransitive-transitive alignment. The nominative and accusative may have originally been intransitive and transitive cases respectively, since stative verbs in the 3rd person singular have nominative endings, while eventive verbs in the 3rd person singular have endings similar to accusative endings. | ||
* two numbers: singular and plural. | * two numbers: singular and plural. | ||
** Some nouns had broken plurals formed by reduplicating of the first syllable or using a different ablaut grade. The broken plural used singular affixes. | |||
Possible declensions: | Possible declensions: | ||
| Line 285: | Line 290: | ||
-ni, -ri, -mi, -si, -ø, -mek, -nti, -kʷe, -ti | -ni, -ri, -mi, -si, -ø, -mek, -nti, -kʷe, -ti | ||
== | ==Derivations== | ||
*''-tl-, -tlom'' = agent, instrument, participle | |||
*''-ā-'' = verbalizer from nouns | |||
*''-ye-, -i-'' = verbalizer from adjectives | |||
[[Category:Tricin]][[Category:Quame languages|*]][[Category:Proto-languages]] | [[Category:Tricin]][[Category:Quame languages|*]][[Category:Proto-languages]] | ||