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SamSkandinavisk adjectives: Difference between revisions
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[[SamSkandinavisk]] adjectives must agree with the noun for gender, number and definiteness. | |||
Adjectives have two paradigms for declension -- an indefinite declension and a definite declension. | Adjectives have two paradigms for declension -- an indefinite declension and a definite declension. | ||
== Indefinite Paradigm: == | == Indefinite Paradigm: == | ||
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Singular Neuter Indefinite: ett barn er '''sjukest''' = ''a child is '''sickest.'''''<br> | Singular Neuter Indefinite: ett barn er '''sjukest''' = ''a child is '''sickest.'''''<br> | ||
Singular Common Indefinite: en kvinne var '''klokest''' = | Singular Common Indefinite: en kvinne var '''klokest''' = ''a woman was '''smartest'''.''<br> | ||
Plural Indefinite: '''skarpeste''' sverd = '''''sharpest''' swords.''<br> | Plural Indefinite: '''skarpeste''' sverd = '''''sharpest''' swords.''<br> | ||
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=== Weak Verbs === | === Weak Verbs === | ||
==== Indefinite: ==== | ==== Indefinite: ==== | ||
The indefinite singular forms end in '''-(e)t''', just like the supine form of the verb. eg '''tendet''' (lit, illuminated), '''aktiveret''' (enabled)<br> | The indefinite singular forms, both common gender and neuter, end in '''-(e)t''', just like the supine form of the verb. eg '''tendet''' (lit, illuminated), '''aktiveret''' (activated, enabled)<br> | ||
==== Indefinite Plural and Definite: ==== | ==== Indefinite Plural and Definite: ==== | ||
The indefinite plural and definite forms end in '''-(e)de''' or '''-te'''. These forms follow the form of the past tense of the verb. If the past tense ends in -'''(e)de''' , it will be '''-(e)de'''. If it ends in '''-te''', it will be '''-te'''. <br> | The indefinite plural and definite forms end in '''-(e)de''' or '''-te'''. These forms follow the form of the past tense of the verb. If the past tense ends in -'''(e)de''' , it will be '''-(e)de'''. If it ends in '''-te''', it will be '''-te'''. <br> | ||
'''Tendede''' ljus = '''''lit''' candles.'' | '''Tendede''' ljus = '''''lit''' candles.'' <br> | ||
Det '''aktiverede''' forsvar = ''the '''enabled''' defense.'' | Det '''aktiverede''' forsvar = ''the '''enabled''' defense.'' | ||
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En '''afbruten''' rekning. = ''a '''cancelled''' account.''<br> | En '''afbruten''' rekning. = ''a '''cancelled''' account.''<br> | ||
<br> | |||
With Neuter gender nouns, the indefinite singular ends in '''-et''' eg '''skoret, afbrutet''' -- this is the same as the supine of the verb.<br> | With Neuter gender nouns, the indefinite singular ends in '''-et''' eg '''skoret, afbrutet''' -- this is the same as the supine of the verb.<br> | ||
Ett '''skoret''' eple. = ''a '''sliced''' apple.'' | Ett '''skoret''' eple. = ''a '''sliced''' apple.''<br> | ||
Ett '''afbrutet''' forsök. = ''an '''interrupted''' experiment.'' | Ett '''afbrutet''' forsök. = ''an '''interrupted''' experiment.'' | ||
==== Indefinite plural and Definite: ==== | ==== Indefinite plural and Definite: ==== | ||
The indefinite plural and definite forms end in '''-ene.''' | The indefinite plural and definite forms end in '''-ene.'''<br> | ||
'''Skorene''' potater. = '''''sliced''' potatoes.'' | |||
'''Skorene''' potater. = '''''sliced''' potatoes.''<br> | |||
Den '''afbrutene''' rekning. = ''the '''cancelled''' account.'' | Den '''afbrutene''' rekning. = ''the '''cancelled''' account.'' | ||
== Present participle of verbs used as adjectives == | |||
The present participle of verbs end in '''-ende.''' When used as an adjective, present participles do not vary for gender number or definiteness<br> | |||
Den '''nuvärende''' kong = ''the '''current''' king.''<br> | |||
En '''veltalende''' snakkar = ''an '''articulate''' speaker''<br> | |||
De madrasser war '''fjedrende''' = ''the '''matresses''' were springy.'' | |||
== Adjectives ending in -en == | == Adjectives ending in -en == | ||
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=== Adjectives ending -d === | === Adjectives ending -d === | ||
add '''-t''' also to make an adverb, e.g. '''vid''' ''(wide)''. '''vid''' /vi:d/ > '''vidt''' /vi:t/. The '''-d''' becomes silent here also. | add '''-t''' also to make an adverb, e.g. '''vid''' ''(wide)''. '''vid''' /vi:d/ > '''vidt''' /vi:t/. The '''-d''' becomes silent here also. | ||
[[Category:Samskandinavisk]] | |||