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==Todo==
==Todo==
always use the japanese sino words


''Háliŋí száxýczih fiógan żalah'' = We live in a society
''Háliŋí száxýczih fiógan żalah'' = We live in a society
Line 73: Line 74:


Initial /l(ˠ)/ is not allowed in native words.
Initial /l(ˠ)/ is not allowed in native words.
The distinction between hard and soft /n l/ are neutralized before retroflexes /tʂ, dʐ, ʂ, ʐ/; both are pronounced as apical [ɳ ɭ] before retroflexes.


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
Line 78: Line 81:


===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
Siészal disallows initial consonant clusters. Word-final clusters are allowed, but rare.
Siészal has several phonotactic limitations characteristic of "Altaic" languages:
*It disallows initial consonant clusters. (Word-final clusters are allowed, but rare.)
*It disallows initial /l(ʲ)/.


Old Siészal had many complicated clusters such as ''pt-'', ''tpx-''. In Modern Siészal these clusters gave rise to palatalized consonants and new initials such as /f v/ which Old Siészal lacked.
===Stress===
Stress was always initial.


===Stress===
Stress: first long vowel in stem, if no long vowel in stem then initial
==Orthography==
==Orthography==
===Sino orthography===
===Sino orthography===
Siészal is written in a mixture of Chinese-derived phonetic characters (in which each character represents one morpheme and encodes the phonetics) and ''Xánzý'' [xɑːnˠzˠɰiː], or Chinese characters, for Sinoxenic loans.
Siészal is written in a mixture of Chinese-derived phonetic characters (in which each character represents one morpheme and encodes the phonetics) and ''Xánzý'' [xɑːnˠzˠɰiː], or Chinese characters. The phonetic characters are used for native vocabulary, particles, and non-Sinoxenic loanwords; ''Xánzý'' is used for Sinoxenic loans.


===''Żómazý''===
===''Żómazý''===


==Grammar==
==Grammar==
===Nouns===
===Noun clitics===
*''-í'' = topic
*''-dan/-din'' = "also"
*''-ta/-ti'' = nom.
*''-(u)d'' = genitive
*''-(w/y)é'' = acc.
*''-ak'' = loc. (Jp. e, Kor. -ro)
*''-fý/-fí'' = dat. (Jp. ni, Kor. -e)
*''-(w/y)éla'' = abl.
*''-czy'' = conj./com.
*''-(w/y)úlь'' = inst.
*''-(a/i)smá'' = "up to, until"
 
===Verbs===
===Verbs===
*present: ''-(w/y)ah'' (-wah after ó/u/ú, -yah after a/á/é/i/í, -ah after C)
*present: ''-(w/y)ah'' (-wah after ó/u/ú, -yah after a/á/é/i/í, -ah after C)
**'lives': ''fiógah''
**'lives': ''fiógah''
**'does': ''tiyah''
*present progressive: participial form in ''-(a)n'' + "to be" clitic
*present progressive: participial form in ''-(a)n'' + "to be" clitic
**'is living': ''fiógan żalah''
**''fiógan żalah'' (often ''fióganlah'')
*past tense: ''-buh'' (old perfect)
**''ti'''én''' żalah'' (often ''tiénlah'')
**''fiógbuh''
*past tense: ''-búwah'' (old perfect)
*future tense: ''-ál'' (old imperfect)
**''fiógbúwah''
**''fiógál''
**''tibúwah''
*past conjunctive: old imperfect + conjunctive clitic ''-tji''
*future tense: ''-áliah'' (old imperfect)
**''fiógáltji''
**''fiógáliah''
*nonpast conjunctive: old perfect + conjunctive clitic ''-tji''
**''táliah''
**''fiógbuhtji''
*past conjunctive: old imperfect + conjunctive clitic ''-czy''
**''fiógálьczy''
**''tálьczy''
*nonpast conjunctive: old perfect + conjunctive clitic ''-czy''
**''fiógbuhczy''
**''tibuhczy''
===Modal inflections===
Similar to German and Japanese modal particles
*''-ah > -abók'' = similarly to German ''ja'' or English ''you know how...'', used to convey a fact the listener is expected to know.
*''-ah > -agólah'' = used to soften requests
*''-ah'' > ''-ahuczá'' = German ''eben'' or ''halt''; expresses resignation, roughly 'whatcha gonna do?' or 'all right then'
*''-ah'' > ''-bál'' = German ''doch'', emphasis or [[w:mirativity]]
 
===Relative clauses===
Replace ''-ah'' with ''-ád'' or ''-nád''


==Sample texts==
==Sample texts==
Line 112: Line 143:
'''''Dié1(il) dió'''''
'''''Dié1(il) dió'''''


'''''Kúf jinkianá fialajád bászéla zýjúżalatián sunŋiamiczy giónlíxa czudih biaŋtaŋżalah. Jinkianá lisiaŋiczy liáŋsimé diatxóbatián, ózáhigidь fiéŋdiéajud siaŋżýnúlь hyŋdúŋkiadaxs dżakah.'''''
'''''Kúf jinkianá fialajád bászéla zýjúżalatián sunŋiamiczy giónlíak czudih biaŋtaŋżalah. Jinkianá lisiaŋiczy liáŋsimé diatxóbatián, ózáhigidь fiéŋdiéajud siaŋżýnúlь hyŋdúŋkiadaxs dżakah.'''''


TRANSCRIPTION:
TRANSCRIPTION:

Revision as of 12:55, 22 January 2020

Siészal/Thedish

Siészal (SAY-shəl; natively 洒乷語 Siészalŋió /ɕeːʂəlʲŋʲoː/, Xeno-Mandarin: Xishayu) is a Sino-Xenic language official in Lõis's Siészalkuk ([ɕeːʂəlˠkʊʔk] 洒乷國; our Northeastern China, Japan and Korea). It's inspired by Irish, Arabic, Farsi and Hungarian.

Todo

always use the japanese sino words

Háliŋí száxýczih fiógan żalah = We live in a society

altón = a kind of fish

zýmó = island ( ~ Japanese shima, Korean seom)

ák = evil

ziólté = absolute; siáŋté = relative

hC clusters, Obstruent-obstruent clusters predominant

Sino-Siészal should be the most Irish/Thedish gibby part of Siészal

Dżúan-kióbah [lit. "accept-favor"] = Thank you (polite)

imjáŋ = yin and yang

ŋiólkié = laurel

mílaj = future

miansié [mænʲˈsʲeː] = "long live", "hurrah!"

Sino numbers: liaŋ, il, jí, sám, sý, ŋó, liúk, sil, fél, kiú, dżyf, dżyfil, dżyfjí, dżyfsám, dżyfsý, dżyfŋó, ... (dżyfsám, dżyfsý often become dżyfám, dżyfý)

100: fiaŋ

1000: sin /s(ʲ)ɪn/

10000: mian /man/

Czúŋkuk = China

Jólnam = Vietnam

ŋianŋió = language

jaŋŋió? = English

Sino word etymologies

Székiaj Jingión Siónŋian < ɕiᴇi kˠɛi ȵiɪn ɡˠiuᴇn siuᴇn ŋɨɐn
Dié-1(il)-dió < dei ʔiɪt deu
jínkian < ȵiɪn kˠɛn
zýjú < d͡ziɪ jɨu
sunŋiam < t͡suən ŋɨɐm
giónlí < ɡˠiuᴇn liɪ
biaŋtaŋ < bˠiæŋ təŋ
lisiaŋ < lɨ siᴇŋ
liáŋsim < lɨɐŋ siɪm
fiéŋdiéaj < hˠwiæŋ dei ʔʌi
siaŋżýn < t͡siᴇŋ ʑiɪn
hyŋdúŋ < ɦˠæŋ duŋ
imŋiák < ʔˠiɪm ŋˠʌk̚
imŋiáktik = musical
-tik < tɛk̚
Sé Túŋ-Pin from t͡sʰuoi tuwng piIn
Diénfiénfiú ~ Dien Bien Phu
Túŋkiaŋ = capital of Siészalkuk?
Szantúŋ ~ Shandong

Any hard ý/é? any short i's?

Phonology

Consonants

b(i) m(i) f(i) v(i) t(i) d(i) n(i) s(i) z(i) cz dż sz ż k(i) g(i) ŋ(i) x(i) h w y l(i) /b(ʲ) m(ʲ) f(ʲ) v(ʲ) t(ʲ) d(ʲ) n(ʲ) s(ʲ) z(ʲ) tʂ dʐ ʂ ʐ~ɻ k(ʲ) g(ʲ) ŋ(ʲ) x(ʲ) h w j l(ˠ)/

Initial /l(ˠ)/ is not allowed in native words.

The distinction between hard and soft /n l/ are neutralized before retroflexes /tʂ, dʐ, ʂ, ʐ/; both are pronounced as apical [ɳ ɭ] before retroflexes.

Vowels

a i u á í/y ú é ó aj aw /æ~ɑ ʲɪ ʊ æ:~ɑ: i: u: e: o: aj aw/

Phonotactics

Siészal has several phonotactic limitations characteristic of "Altaic" languages:

  • It disallows initial consonant clusters. (Word-final clusters are allowed, but rare.)
  • It disallows initial /l(ʲ)/.

Stress

Stress was always initial.

Orthography

Sino orthography

Siészal is written in a mixture of Chinese-derived phonetic characters (in which each character represents one morpheme and encodes the phonetics) and Xánzý [xɑːnˠzˠɰiː], or Chinese characters. The phonetic characters are used for native vocabulary, particles, and non-Sinoxenic loanwords; Xánzý is used for Sinoxenic loans.

Żómazý

Grammar

Noun clitics

  • = topic
  • -dan/-din = "also"
  • -ta/-ti = nom.
  • -(u)d = genitive
  • -(w/y)é = acc.
  • -ak = loc. (Jp. e, Kor. -ro)
  • -fý/-fí = dat. (Jp. ni, Kor. -e)
  • -(w/y)éla = abl.
  • -czy = conj./com.
  • -(w/y)úlь = inst.
  • -(a/i)smá = "up to, until"

Verbs

  • present: -(w/y)ah (-wah after ó/u/ú, -yah after a/á/é/i/í, -ah after C)
    • 'lives': fiógah
    • 'does': tiyah
  • present progressive: participial form in -(a)n + "to be" clitic
    • fiógan żalah (often fióganlah)
    • tién żalah (often tiénlah)
  • past tense: -búwah (old perfect)
    • fiógbúwah
    • tibúwah
  • future tense: -áliah (old imperfect)
    • fiógáliah
    • táliah
  • past conjunctive: old imperfect + conjunctive clitic -czy
    • fiógálьczy
    • tálьczy
  • nonpast conjunctive: old perfect + conjunctive clitic -czy
    • fiógbuhczy
    • tibuhczy

Modal inflections

Similar to German and Japanese modal particles

  • -ah > -abók = similarly to German ja or English you know how..., used to convey a fact the listener is expected to know.
  • -ah > -agólah = used to soften requests
  • -ah > -ahuczá = German eben or halt; expresses resignation, roughly 'whatcha gonna do?' or 'all right then'
  • -ah > -bál = German doch, emphasis or w:mirativity

Relative clauses

Replace -ah with -ád or -nád

Sample texts

UDHR

Székiaj Jingión Siónŋian

Dié1(il) dió

Kúf jinkianá fialajád bászéla zýjúżalatián sunŋiamiczy giónlíak czudih biaŋtaŋżalah. Jinkianá lisiaŋiczy liáŋsimé diatxóbatián, ózáhigidь fiéŋdiéajud siaŋżýnúlь hyŋdúŋkiadaxs dżakah.

TRANSCRIPTION:

Phonemicː /quːfˠ jiːnʲkʲanaː fʲalˠajaːdˠ bˠaːʃeːlˠa dʒiːjuːʒalˠataːn sˠunʲŋeːmʲitʃi ginʲlʲiːχa tʃudʲih tˠuːɴtˠaŋʒalˠah. jiːnʲkʲanaː lʲiʃaŋʲitʃi lʲaːŋʲsʲimʲeː dʲatˠχoːbʲatʲaːn, oːzˠaːhigʲidʲ x feːŋdʲeːajudˠ sʲaŋʐiːnuːlʲ hɨŋˠdˠuːŋkadʲaxsʲ dʒaqah/

Phoneticː [quːfˠ ˈjiːnʲkʲɛnæː ˈfʲalˠəjæːdˠ ˈbˠɑːʃeːlˠə ˈziːjuːʒælˠɑtæːn sˠʊnˈŋeːmʲitʃi gʲinʲˈlʲiːχə ˈtʃdʲɪh ˈtˠuːɴtˠɑŋʒælˠɑh. ˈjiːnʲkʲɛnæː ˈlʲiʃæŋʲɪtʃɪ ˈlʲæːŋsʲɪmʲeː dʲætˠˈχoːbʲɛtæːn, ˈoːzˠɑːhɪgʲɪdʲ ˈxeːŋdʲeːjæjudˠ sʲæŋˈʐɨːnuːlʲ hæŋˠˈdˠuːŋkædʲæxsʲ ˈdʒæqɑh]

GLOSS:

kkúff yínkan-á fallay-ádd bbásj-élla djíyú-zjalla-tán ssunŋém-itji ginlí-xxa tjuld-ih ttúŋttaŋ-zjall-ah. Yínkan-á lisjaŋ-itji láŋsim-é daxxtt-óba-tán, ózzáh-igid xéŋdéáy-udd saŋzín-úl hyŋddúŋ-ka-daxs djakk-ah.

all human-TOP be_born-ATTR time-from free-STAT-CONJ dignity-and right-DAT fasten-PASS.NOMZ [i.e. concerning] equal-STAT-PRES. human-TOP rationality-and conscience-ACC receive-PST-CONJ mutual-ADV brotherly_love-GEN spirit-INST act-do-only_if go-PRES.

TRANSLATION: Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Article 1

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

One accent: [kuːʍ ɳiːɲcɛnʲæː fʲɛɫɔjaːrˠ baːʂəːɫɑ ɖʐɨːjʉːʂɜɾˠɑːn sˠʊnɲeːmʲɪʈʂʊ ɟɪnʲlʲiːχːɔ ʈʂʊrʲdʲɪh tˠuːŋtˠɔŋʂɜɾˠɔh]