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|nativename = כﬞנאַאנידﬞ<br/>{{PAGENAME}} | |nativename = כﬞנאַאנידﬞ<br/>{{PAGENAME}} | ||
|image = | |image = | ||
|setting = | |setting = | ||
|name = Cubrite | |name = Cubrite | ||
|pronunciation = /xnaːnið/ | |pronunciation = /xnaːnið/ | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Cubrite''' (Cubrite: כﬞנאַאנידﬞ ''Kibrið'' /kɪbɹɪð/ or נומא כﬞנאַאן ''núm Kibr'' /niːm kɪbɐ/) is a Canaanite language spoken in | '''Cubrite''' (Cubrite: כﬞנאַאנידﬞ ''Kibrið'' /kɪbɹɪð/ or נומא כﬞנאַאן ''núm Kibr'' /niːm kɪbɐ/) is a Canaanite language spoken in an alt-hist timeline, spoken by the Cubrites, an ethnically Jewish minority in Sicily. Standard language is based on the Criadoch (''Krírdox'' /kɹɪəˈdɔx/) dialect. Genetic studies have shown that the Cubrites are descendants of Celtic speakers who adopted a Canaanite language. The language preserves quite a few quasi-Biblical words and phrases, but its grammar was completely restructured to use auxiliaries instead of the older prefix and suffix conjugations. | ||
It's inspired grammatically by Welsh, and aesthetically by Cockney English, Icelandic and Khmer. | It's inspired grammatically by Welsh, and aesthetically by Cockney English, Icelandic and Khmer. | ||
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0-10: efes, óð (inanimate)/áð (animate), šnay, šluš, arvą, xomiš, šeš, šebą, šmún, þešą, ηaxr | 0-10: efes, óð (inanimate)/áð (animate), šnay, šluš, arvą, xomiš, šeš, šebą, šmún, þešą, ηaxr | ||
11-20: | 11-20: štąx, šnayąx, šlušąx, arvąx, xomišąx, šešąx, šebąx, šmúnąx, þešąx, ηixri | ||
40: šnay ηixri | 40: šnay ηixri | ||
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... | ... | ||
100: | 100: mír | ||
10000: | 10000: rubr | ||
before: kkorm | before: kkorm | ||
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*Equative: ''de-'' = as X as; equally X (~ BH די ''day'' 'enough') | *Equative: ''de-'' = as X as; equally X (~ BH די ''day'' 'enough') | ||
*Emphatic: ''ro-'' = so X, very X indeed (inherited from Ancient Cubrite, which borrowed it from Celtic) | *Emphatic: ''ro-'' = so X, very X indeed (inherited from Ancient Cubrite, which borrowed it from Celtic) | ||
*Comparative/Superlative: ''-ðr'' = more X or most X; comparandum takes פרידﬞ ''prið'' 'than' (from Ancient Cubrite | *Comparative/Superlative: ''-ðr'' = more X or most X; comparandum takes פרידﬞ ''prið'' 'than' (from Ancient Cubrite ''pirʔūðī'' 'when I see') | ||
Example: קרוא ''kkrú'' 'big', דגרוא ''degrú'' 'as big as'; ראָגרוא ''rogrú'' 'so big; very big indeed', קרואדﬞר ''kkrúðør'' 'bigger/biggest' | Example: קרוא ''kkrú'' 'big', דגרוא ''degrú'' 'as big as'; ראָגרוא ''rogrú'' 'so big; very big indeed', קרואדﬞר ''kkrúðør'' 'bigger/biggest' | ||
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! style="width: 75px; " | thou (m) | ! style="width: 75px; " | thou (m) | ||
! style="width: 75px; " | thou (f) | ! style="width: 75px; " | thou (f) | ||
! style="width: 75px; " | he/it | ! style="width: 75px; " | he/it | ||
! style="width: 75px; " | she | ! style="width: 75px; " | she | ||
! style="width: 75px; " | we | ! style="width: 75px; " | we | ||
! style="width: 75px; " | you (plural) | ! style="width: 75px; " | you (polite/plural) | ||
! style="width: 75px; " | they | ! style="width: 75px; " | they | ||
! | Non-pronominal | ! | Non-pronominal | ||
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| ''þąf ta'' | | ''þąf ta'' | ||
| ''þąf te'' | | ''þąf te'' | ||
| ''yąf u'' | | ''yąf u'' | ||
| ''þąf hi'' | | ''þąf hi'' | ||
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| ''fows ta'' | | ''fows ta'' | ||
| ''fows te'' | | ''fows te'' | ||
| ''fow u'' | | ''fow u'' | ||
| ''fól hi'' | | ''fól hi'' | ||
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| ''þés ta'' | | ''þés ta'' | ||
| ''þés te'' | | ''þés te'' | ||
| ''yéð u'' | | ''yéð u'' | ||
| ''þéð hi'' | | ''þéð hi'' | ||
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| ''pows ta'' | | ''pows ta'' | ||
| ''pows te'' | | ''pows te'' | ||
| ''pow u'' | | ''pow u'' | ||
| ''pól hi'' | | ''pól hi'' | ||
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| ''tley ta'' | | ''tley ta'' | ||
| ''tley te'' | | ''tley te'' | ||
| ''len u'' | | ''len u'' | ||
| ''tlen hi'' | | ''tlen hi'' | ||
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| ''laht ta'' | | ''laht ta'' | ||
| ''laht te'' | | ''laht te'' | ||
| ''law u'' | | ''law u'' | ||
| ''lál hi'' | | ''lál hi'' | ||
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| ''tkey ta'' | | ''tkey ta'' | ||
| ''tkey te'' | | ''tkey te'' | ||
| ''ken u'' | | ''ken u'' | ||
| ''tken hi'' | | ''tken hi'' | ||
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| ''kaht ta'' | | ''kaht ta'' | ||
| ''kaht te'' | | ''kaht te'' | ||
| ''kaw u'' | | ''kaw u'' | ||
| ''kál hi'' | | ''kál hi'' | ||
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| ''tney ta'' | | ''tney ta'' | ||
| ''tney te'' | | ''tney te'' | ||
| ''nen u'' | | ''nen u'' | ||
| ''tnen hi'' | | ''tnen hi'' | ||
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| ''tnew tem'' | | ''tnew tem'' | ||
| ''new'm'' | | ''new'm'' | ||
| ''nen'' | | ''nen/tnen'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! past | ! past | ||
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| ''naht ta'' | | ''naht ta'' | ||
| ''naht te'' | | ''naht te'' | ||
| ''naw u'' | | ''naw u'' | ||
| ''nál hi'' | | ''nál hi'' | ||
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*šoft /ʃɔft/ = to sit | *šoft /ʃɔft/ = to sit | ||
*ðett /ðeʔt/ = to give | *ðett /ðeʔt/ = to give | ||
*lost / | *lost /lɔst/ = to be born | ||
*rost /ɹɔst/ = to go down | |||
*xett /seʔt/ = to carry, to owe, should | *xett /seʔt/ = to carry, to owe, should | ||
*tsett /tseʔt/ = to go out | *tsett /tseʔt/ = to go out | ||
* | *šątt /ʃãːʔt/ = to travel | ||
*gątt /gãːʔt/ = to hit | *gątt /gãːʔt/ = to hit | ||
*dątt /dãːʔt/ = to know | *dątt /dãːʔt/ = to know | ||
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===Faulty accusative=== | ===Faulty accusative=== | ||
{{PAGENAME}} has the faulty accusative particle ''ða'' or ''ð' '' (from Ancient Cubrite ''ʔet ha-''). It is not used for all direct objects, but only for constituents that are separated from their heads. ''Đa'' must also be used before the verbal noun when using an auxiliary: היֶטבר הי דﬞאַ ליתפﬞוס | {{PAGENAME}} has the faulty accusative particle ''ða'' or ''ð' '' (from Ancient Cubrite ''ʔet ha-''). It is not used for all direct objects, but only for constituents that are separated from their heads. ''Đa'' must also be used before the verbal noun when using an auxiliary: היֶטבר הי דﬞאַ ליתפﬞוס נינר ''Hettvø hi ða litfus ninø.'' = She was good at catching fish. | ||
It's also used in a ''ba'' construction of sorts: | |||
:Fow Móše prah ð'él. | |||
:PST.3SG.M Moshe meat ÐA eat.INF | |||
:It's meat that Moshe ate. | |||
===Noun phrase=== | ===Noun phrase=== | ||
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===Words for yes and no=== | ===Words for yes and no=== | ||
*'' | *''ens'' (from *amitt ze "this is truth") = present 'yes' | ||
*''ay'' (from איה "where?") = present 'no' | *''ay'' (from איה "where?") = present 'no' | ||
*''ríð'' (from ראיתי "I saw") = past 'yes' | *''ríð'' (from ראיתי "I saw") = past 'yes' | ||
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===Relativizer=== | ===Relativizer=== | ||
Relative clauses use the relativizer '' | Relative clauses use the relativizer ''har'' (from ''*ka-ʔašir''). ''Re'' is not used in relative clauses in present tense. | ||
*''Ni p'él avlaz har pø xadr i'' = I am eating the apple which is in my room. | |||
=== Serial verb construction === | |||
Serial verbs are very common in Cubrite, it's an extension of how the infinitive construct used to work in Cubrite (and Biblical Hebrew). | |||
: Pow Móše kaht él prah. / Fow Móše ðuð kaht él prah. | |||
: come.PST.3SG.M Moshe take.INF eat.INF meat / PST.3SG.M Moshe come.INF take.INF eat.INF meat | |||
:Moshe came, took, and ate the meat. | |||
==Vocabulary== | ==Vocabulary== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|| | || | ||
# ''Bar pø þó law þebwas súðu xóv ða dapr e fow súðu núm ða lúl.'' | |||
# ''Wini pið em pø šątt me mikkadm, flu'm ða liþakkiw pø mišuras Šinηar e liðyašib feni.'' | |||
# ''Bar pø þó law þebwas súðu xóv ða dapr | # ''Flu'm el šúv yið: "Púlé, púþnu fluð ambínr e latteb lévuð em." E fow ambínil low'm til abonr ða lúl, e ørgílas til mawtt.'' | ||
# ''Flu'm yið: "Púlé, púþnu bnuð krír lon nu e migdol bomi hi, yąf ruš u ląluð laht el šmémas, e nąf nu el nawš nu dųšim! Oz nąf nu mul liðvasir ηøi þó law þebwas."'' | |||
# ''Wini pið em pø šątt me mikkadm, flu'm ða liþakkiw pø mišuras | # ''Wini fow Hašém ða rost bu, há yąf u ða xettném el kríras e migdolas har yu plenušil pø bnuð.'' | ||
# ''Fow Hašém yið: "Šą har flu'm ða laþól fluð til xóð ern har bø dapr xóð núm, yé mum mihšul mul el mádovr har yąfu zúm fluð!'' | |||
# ''Flu'm el šúv yið: "Púlé, púþnu fluð ambínr | # ''"Púlé, púþnu rost laht e bawbiw núm em, oz yąfu'm mul lábin šúv."'' | ||
# ''Flu'm yið: "Púlé, púþnu bnuð krír lon nu | # ''He me šom fow Hašém ða vasir em ηøli þó law þebwas, e flu'm ða ládul bnuð kríras.'' | ||
# ''Wini fow Hašém ða rost bu, há yąf u ða xettném el kríras | # ''Me yánas fu har kríras pø kaht šemas "Bovél" -- šom fow Hašém ða bawbiw núm þó law þebwas. Me šom fow Hašém ða vasir em ηøi þó law þebwas.'' | ||
# ''Fow Hašém yið: "Šą | |||
# ''"Púlé, púþnu rost laht | |||
# ''He me šom fow Hašém ða vasir em ηøli þó law þebwas, | |||
# ''Me yánas fu | |||
|| | || | ||
#Vayehi khol-ha'arets safa ekhat udvarim akhadim. | #Vayehi khol-ha'arets safa ekhat udvarim akhadim. | ||
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*''Soløm!'' [ˈsɔləm] = Hello! / Goodbye! | *''Soløm!'' [ˈsɔləm] = Hello! / Goodbye! | ||
*''Hakr gorv!'' = See you! | *''Hakr gorv!'' = See you! | ||
*''Ebí | *''Ebí Tem!'' = Welcome! | ||
*''Parg lo | *''Parg lo Tem!'' = Thank you! | ||
*''imtsøhém | *''imtsøhém Tem'' = Please (etym. if it finds favor in your eyes) | ||
**also ''plíz'' [pləɪz] (from English) | **also ''plíz'' [pləɪz] (from English) | ||
*''ngeth | *''ngeth tub'' [ŋɛθ tub] = have fun | ||
* ''É šemas tkey to?'' = What's your name? | |||
*''Key ni šemas [NAME]'' = My name is [NAME]. | |||
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --> | <!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --> |
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