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Sudyrnish: Difference between revisions
→Morphology
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! [[w:Stop consonant|Stop]] | ! [[w:Stop consonant|Stop]] | ||
| [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]] || [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]] || [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate| | | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]] || [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]] || [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|t͡ʃ]] || [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate|d͡ʒ]] || [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || [[w:Voiced velar stop|g]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]] | ! [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]] | ||
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*Fricatives except /h/ are voiced intervocalically and adjacent to voiced stops. | *Fricatives except /h/ are voiced intervocalically and adjacent to voiced stops. | ||
*/m/ is realized as [ɱ] before /f/. | */m/ is realized as [ɱ] before /f/. | ||
*/n,l | */n,l/ are velarized in coda. | ||
**/n/ is realized as [ŋ] before velar consonants. | **/n/ is realized as [ŋ] before velar consonants. | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Vowels | |||
|- | |||
! !! [[w:Front vowel|Front]] [[w:Unrounded vowel|unrounded]] !! [[w:Front vowel|Front]] [[w:Rounded vowel|rounded]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Close vowel|High]] | |||
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] iː i˞ i˞ː || [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]] yː y˞ y˞ː || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] uː u˞ u˞ː | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]] | |||
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] eː || [[w:Close-mid front rounded vowel|ø]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] oː | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]] | |||
| [[w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ɛ˞ || [[w:Open-mid front rounded vowel|œː]] || [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]] ɚ | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]] | |||
| [[w:Near-open front unrounded vowel|a]] a˞ | |||
|} | |||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Diphthongs | |||
|- | |||
| əi || əy || əu | |||
|- | |||
| ai || ay || au | |||
|} | |||
*/ə/ is realized as [œ] when stressed. | |||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
Stress is variable but predominantly initial | Stress is variable but predominantly initial | ||
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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Nouns are marked for number by a suffix ''-(e)s'', umlaut, or more rarely by suppletion. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! !! "hat" !! "bear" !! "oak" !! "dog" | |||
|- | |||
! Singular | |||
| hæt || bére || ác || hund | |||
|- | |||
! Plural | |||
| hætes || béres || ǽc || doges | |||
|} | |||
====Pronouns==== | ====Pronouns==== | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
===Adjectives=== | ===Adjectives=== | ||
===Negation=== | ===Negation=== | ||
===Numerals=== | ===Numerals=== | ||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
===Constituent order=== | ===Constituent order=== | ||
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===Noun and verb phrases=== | ===Noun and verb phrases=== | ||
Possessors and numerals precede their head. Adjectives and adverbs follow their head. | |||
===Dependent clauses=== | ===Dependent clauses=== | ||
Dependent clauses directly follow their head. | |||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||