@@ Line 37: / Line 37: @@
 ==Historical phonology==
-===Middle Wiebian===
-{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
-|+'''Middle Wiebian initials'''
-! colspan="2"|
-!Labial
-!Alveolar
-!Retroflex
-!Click
-!Velar
-!Glottal
-|-
-! rowspan="2"|Nasal
-! | <small>voiceless</small>
-|/m̊/
-|/n̊/
-|/ɳ̊/
-|/ŋ̊!/
-|/ŋ̊/
-|
-|-
-! | <small>voiced</small>
-|/m/
-|/n/
-|/ɳ/
-|/ŋ!/
-|/ŋ/
-|
-|-
-! rowspan="3"|Stop
-! | <small>tenuis</small>
-|/p/
-|/t/
-|/ʈ/
-|/ǃ/
-|/k/
-|/ʔ/
-|-
-! | <small>aspirated</small>
-|/pʰ/
-|/tʰ/
-|/ʈʰ/
-|/ǃʰ/
-|/kʰ/
-|
-|-
-! | <small>voiced</small>
-|/b/
-|/d/
-|/ɖ/
-|/ɡǃ/
-|/ɡ/
-|
-|-
-! rowspan="2"|Spirants
-! | <small>voiceless</small>
-|/f/
-|/θ/
-|
-|/ɧ/
-|/x/
-|/h/
-|-
-! | <small>voiced</small>
-|
-|/ð/
-|
-|/ɧ̬/
-|/ɣ/
-|
-|-
-! rowspan="2"|Sibilants
-! | <small>voiceless</small>
-|
-|/s/
-|/ʂ/
-|
-|
-|
-|-
-! | <small>voiced</small>
-|
-|/z/
-|/ʐ/
-|
-|
-|
-|-
-! rowspan="2"|Approximant
-! | <small>voiceless</small>
-|/ʍ/
-|/l̥/
-|
-|
-|
-|
-|-
-! | <small>voiced</small>
-|/w/
-|/l/
-|
-|
-|
-|
-|}
-{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
-|+ '''Middle Wiebian vowels'''
-|-
-! rowspan="3" style="width: 90px; "|
-! colspan="4" style="width: 180px; " |Front
-! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central
-! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Back
-|-
-! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
-! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>rounded</small>
-|-
-!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
-!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
-!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
-!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
-!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
-!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
-!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
-!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
-|-
-! style="" |Close
-| /i/
-| /iː/
-| /y/
-| /yː/
-|
-|
-| /u/
-| /uː/
-|-
-! style="" |Mid
-| /e/
-| /eː/
-| /ø/
-| /øː/
-|
-| /əː/
-| /ɔ/
-| /oː/
-|-
-! style="" |Open
-| /æ/
-| /æː/
-|
-|
-|
-|
-| /ɑ/
-| /ɑː/
-|}
-Diphthongs: /ai au oy ja je iːa jaː wa wo uːa waː ɥa ɥø yːa ɥaː aiɐ auɐ oyɐ/
-Tones:
-*(-p m)
-*(-p b)
-*(-p g)
-*(+p m)
-*(+p b)
-*(+p g)
-===Final changes===
-*Vowels lengthen before ŋ: ɑŋ æŋ eŋ iŋ oŋ øŋ uŋ yŋ > ɑːŋ æːŋ eːŋ iːŋ oːŋ øːŋ uːŋ yːŋ
-*-ŋ! > -ŋ
-*stops > ʔ; nasals > ŋ
-===Retroflex/slender split===
-*ɑ merger with ɔ, ɑː merger with aː
-*ai ~ iː > iː in open syllables, aː in closed syllables
-*a(ː) ~ ja(ː) > a(ː)
-*e ~ je/i > ei
-*əː ~ eː > ɛ
-*au ~ ay > ɔ
-*o(ː) ~ ø(ː) > œ
-*u(ː) ~ y(ː) > y
-*u(ː)a ~ y(ː)a > uː
-*uo ~ yø > ou
-*aiɐ ~ iːa > ja
-*auɐ ~ oyɐ > wa
-*ʔ > ʔ / r
-*k > k / t͡ɕ
-*ʈ > k / tʂ
-*θ > ʂ / t
-*! > ! / |
-*ɧ > r / r
-*t > tʂ / ts
-*p > p / pj
-*n > ɳ / n
-*ɳ > ŋ
-*l > l / l or j depending on dialect
-*r > l
 ==Phonemic inventory==

Tchwerian: Difference between revisions

Tchwerian (view source)

Revision as of 15:46, 24 February 2018