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Thangha': Difference between revisions
Clarified rules about preservation of coda r
(Clarified rules about preservation of coda r) |
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Words with Low Tone have mid pitch on all syllables other than the stressed syllable, which is pronounced with an extra low pitch e.g. /ʔwaˈməwaⁿ/ (L) - "mountain" (genitive) is pronounced [w̰āˈmʊ̏wāⁿ]. | Words with Low Tone have mid pitch on all syllables other than the stressed syllable, which is pronounced with an extra low pitch e.g. /ʔwaˈməwaⁿ/ (L) - "mountain" (genitive) is pronounced [w̰āˈmʊ̏wāⁿ]. | ||
Words with Falling Tone always have stress on the second last syllable. Their pronunciation depends on the vowel length of the stressed vowel. If the vowel is short and non-nasalised, there is high pitch on all syllables up to and including the stressed syllable, and low pitch on the final syllable e.g./tsaˈɲeɳə/ (HL) - "channel", "strait" is pronounced [tsǽˈɲéɳʌ̀]. However, if the stressed vowel is long or nasalised, then it has falling pitch e.g. /ʔwaˈbiːdˤə/ (HL) - "boat" (genitive) is pronounced [ | Words with Falling Tone always have stress on the second last syllable. Their pronunciation depends on the vowel length of the stressed vowel. If the vowel is short and non-nasalised, there is high pitch on all syllables up to and including the stressed syllable, and low pitch on the final syllable e.g./tsaˈɲeɳə/ (HL) - "channel", "strait" is pronounced [tsǽˈɲéɳʌ̀]. However, if the stressed vowel is long or nasalised, then it has falling pitch e.g. /ʔwaˈbiːdˤə/ (HL) - "boat" (genitive) is pronounced [w̰áˈbêːdˤʌ̀]. | ||
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* A phonemic distiction between long and short vowels emerges. English */æ/ is always lengthened to /æː/. The only places where this distiction is not phonemic are before nasal codas and at the end of words. In both of these cases only short vowels occur. | * A phonemic distiction between long and short vowels emerges. English */æ/ is always lengthened to /æː/. The only places where this distiction is not phonemic are before nasal codas and at the end of words. In both of these cases only short vowels occur. | ||
* Diphthongs, coda consonants (including coda /r/, which has survived in | * Diphthongs, coda consonants (including coda /r/, which has survived in stresssed syllables) and long vowels each contribute an additional mora to a syllable. So for example, in the word "bullet", the first syllable has one mora, and the second has two morae. | ||
* The final mora of a word is extrametrical. For the purposes of assigning stress, it doesn't count. So "bullet" effectively has one mora on each syllable now. | * The final mora of a word is extrametrical. For the purposes of assigning stress, it doesn't count. So "bullet" effectively has one mora on each syllable now. | ||
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Thangha' has three cases, Absolutive (unmarked), Genitive (marked with the prefix /ʔwa-/), and Ergative (marked with the prefix /pə-/). | Thangha' has three cases, Absolutive (unmarked), Genitive (marked with the prefix /ʔwa-/), and Ergative (marked with the prefix /pə-/). | ||
e.g. / | e.g. /ˈfaɖʐa/ (H) [ˈfɑ̋ɖʐɑ́] - father -> /ʔwaˈfaza/ (H) [w̰áˈfɑ̋ɖʐɑ́] - "of the father" -> /pəˈfaza/ (H) [pə̄ˈfɑ̋ɖʐɑ́] - "father" (ergative) | ||
However, if the noun root begins with a voiceless obstruent, it becomes voiced e.g. /ˈtʷoʀa/ (L) [ˈtʷòʀɑ̄] - "shaman" -> /ʔwaˈdʷoʀa/ (L) [w̰āˈdʷòʀɑ̀] - "of the shaman" (not */waˈyʷoʀa/ (L)) -> /pə-ˈdʷoʀa/ (L) [pə̄ˈdʷòʀɑ̄] - "shaman" (ergative). | However, if the noun root begins with a voiceless obstruent, it becomes voiced e.g. /ˈtʷoʀa/ (L) [ˈtʷòʀɑ̄] - "shaman" -> /ʔwaˈdʷoʀa/ (L) [w̰āˈdʷòʀɑ̀] - "of the shaman" (not */waˈyʷoʀa/ (L)) -> /pə-ˈdʷoʀa/ (L) [pə̄ˈdʷòʀɑ̄] - "shaman" (ergative). | ||