Tigol: Difference between revisions

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[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Swadesh list]]
[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Swadesh list|Swadesh list for Tigol and the Tigolic languages]]


[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Lexicon]]
[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Lexicon]]


'''Tigol''' ([[Eevo]]: ''Tigol'' /tʰikɔ̃/, [[Amphirese]]: ''Tigifh''), in the Eevosphere also called '''Old Eevo''' ([[Eevo]]: ''Eevo Dair'' /ˈɛɪvɔ taɪr/), is a [[Talmic]] language which arose from northern dialects of [[Thensarian]]. Its aesthetics is based on Old Irish orthography. Tigol is the language of many manuscripts. Its extreme grammatical complexity caused it to diverge rapidly into the modern Tigolic languages: [[Eevo]], [[Amphirese]], [[Bhlaoighne]] and [[Yekhanese]].
'''Tigol''' (''TEE-gol'', ''in Tioccál'' from Thensarian ''Tincatlom''; [[Eevo]]: ''Tygol''; [[Anbirese]]: ''Tigol'') is a [[Talmic]] language which arose from northern dialects of [[Talmic languages|Proto-Talmic]]. Its aesthetics is based on Old Irish orthography. Tigol is the language of many manuscripts. Its extreme grammatical complexity caused it to diverge rapidly into the modern Tigolic languages.
 
==Todo==
*''Óc Eo''
==Primitive Eevo==
==Primitive Eevo==


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==Todo==
==Todo==
*tobynis = to be like
*''Agcaoili'' - a name
*''ull'' = place name morpheme (''eul-'' in Anbirese)
*Sian dom Ceamb can be a person's name
**Eulsjeondamkjeom in Anbir
*ghdhbh is allowed: aeġḋḃithir, luġḋḃae, sóiġḋḃaṁ
*dobanis > dobh = to be like
*change ħ to ŋ
*change ħ to ŋ
*''immer'' < *φimmirae < ''φinae mirae'' = now
*''immer'' < *φimmirae < ''φinae mirae'' = now
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**''-aitt'' = adjectivizer
**''-aitt'' = adjectivizer
**''-all'' = verbal noun, also abstract noun?
**''-all'' = verbal noun, also abstract noun?
**''an-'' = intensive; 'very'
**''an-/é-'' = intensive; 'very'
*''-óid'' = origin suffix
*''A nDessachthar'' = name of a museum (lit. "that you may see inside her [the Second Mover]")
*''A nDessachthar'' = name of a museum (lit. "that you may see inside her [the Second Mover]")
* *nt *nk > unlenited /d g/ (normally written t c). Note that PCelt *ant,*ent > *ent > /eːd/ but *int *ont *unt > /idd odd udd/ like *nk: cét /kʲeːd/ "hundred" < PCelt *kantom (cf. Welsh cant) < PIE *kṃtóm; sét /sʲeːd/ "way" < *sentu- (vs. Breton hent); ro·icc, ric(c)/r(o)-iɡɡ/ "he reaches" < *ro-ink- (vs. Bret rankout "must, owe"); tocad /toɡað/ "luck" (vs. Bret tonkad "fate").[25]*ns > unlenited s with compensatory lengthening of a preceding vowel; *ans > *ens > és similarly to *ant *ank: géis "swan" < PCelt *gansi- < PIE *ǵʰh₂ens- (vs. Dutch gans "goose").


#i-affection: Short *e and *o are raised to i and u when the following syllable contains a high vowel (*i, *ī, *u, *ū). It does not happen when the vowels are separated by certain consonant groups.
#i-affection: Short *e and *o are raised to i and u when the following syllable contains a high vowel (*i, *ī, *u, *ū). It does not happen when the vowels are separated by certain consonant groups.
Line 142: Line 152:


==Orthography==
==Orthography==
Talmic script; borrow ''h'' from Tergetic or Tamil script
Talmic script; borrow ''h'' from Windermere script
 
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
*'''b c d f g l m n ŋ p r s t''' /b k d f g l m n ŋ p r s t/
*'''b c d f g l m n ŋ p r s t''' /p kʰ t f k l m n ŋ r s /
*"Lenition": '''ḃ ch ḋ fh ġ h ph sh th''' /bʰ kʰ dʰ h mʰ /
*"Lenition": '''ḃ ch ḋ fh ġ h mh ph sh th''' /b gʰ d g h mʰ /
*"Eclipsis": '''mb ŋc nd ŋg mf mp ns nt''' /ᵐb ᵑk ⁿd ᵑg ᵐf ᵐp ⁿs ⁿt/
*"Eclipsis": '''mb ŋc nd ŋg mf mp ns nt''' /ᵐb ᵑkʰ ⁿd ᵑg ᵐf ᵐpʰ ⁿs ⁿtʰ/
*Geminates: '''cc ll mm nn ŋŋ pp rr ss tt''' /kː lː mː nː ŋː pː rː sː tː/
*Geminates: '''cc ll mm nn ŋŋ pp rr ss tt''' /kː lː mː nː ŋː pː rː sː tː/


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*'''á é í ó ú''' /aː eː iː oː uː/
*'''á é í ó ú''' /aː eː iː oː uː/
*'''ai ei io oi ui'''
*'''ai ei io oi ui'''
*'''ae ao ái éi éu ia ío íu iú ói oí ua úi uí'''
*'''ae ao ái éi eo éu ia ío íu iú ói oí ua úi uí''' /ae ao ai ei eo: ø: ia i:o y: iu: o:i oi: ua u:i ui:/


All five short vowels '''a e i o u''' could occur in a word-final unstressed syllable.
All five short vowels '''a e i o u''' could occur in a word-final unstressed syllable.
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==Syntax==
==Syntax==
==Poetry==
Tigol poetry from the time when Tigol was living uses the Welsh cynghanedd system.
*''Na hAmroctaíḃ Óc Eo'' = The Chronicles of Óc Eo


[[Category:Eevo]][[Category:Bhadhagha]][[Category:Talmic languages]][[Category:Quihum languages]][[Category:Tricin]]
[[Category:Eevo]][[Category:Talmic languages]][[Category:Quihum languages]][[Category:Tricin]][[Category:Languages]]

Revision as of 16:37, 7 January 2020

Swadesh list for Tigol and the Tigolic languages

Tigol/Lexicon

Tigol (TEE-gol, in Tioccál from Thensarian Tincatlom; Eevo: Tygol; Anbirese: Tigol) is a Talmic language which arose from northern dialects of Proto-Talmic. Its aesthetics is based on Old Irish orthography. Tigol is the language of many manuscripts. Its extreme grammatical complexity caused it to diverge rapidly into the modern Tigolic languages.

Todo

  • Óc Eo

Primitive Eevo

Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ ŋ /ŋ/
Plosive voiceless t /t/ k /k/
voiced b /b/ d /d/ g /g/
Fricative voiceless s /s/ h /h/
voiced [z]
Trill r /r/
Approximant w /ʋ/ l /l/ j /j/


Front Central Back
short long short long short long
Close i /i/ ī /iː/ u /u/ ū /uː/
Mid e /ɛ/ o /ɔ/
Open a /a/ ā /aː/

The diphthongs are ai au ei eu iu oi ui.

Todo

  • Agcaoili - a name
  • ull = place name morpheme (eul- in Anbirese)
  • Sian dom Ceamb can be a person's name
    • Eulsjeondamkjeom in Anbir
  • ghdhbh is allowed: aeġḋḃithir, luġḋḃae, sóiġḋḃaṁ
  • dobanis > dobh = to be like
  • change ħ to ŋ
  • immer < *φimmirae < φinae mirae = now
  • Verb prefixes:
    • ar-: on, at
    • (deut.) as-: telic
    • (prot.) de-, (deut.) do-: in, at
    • é-: with, co-
    • fin-/sin- = well, thoroughly
    • for-: causative, through
    • (prot.) ful-, (deut.) fol-: around, back
    • imm-: immediately
    • (prot.) gel-, (deut.) gol-: up, out
    • ro-: down
    • sol-: a causative
    • (prot.) su-, (deut.) so-: towards
    • (prot.) sur-, (deut.) sor-: back
    • (prot.) u(cc)-, (deut.) oc-: from
  • Derivational affixes:
    • -ach = verbal noun
    • -aitt = adjectivizer
    • -all = verbal noun, also abstract noun?
    • an-/é- = intensive; 'very'
  • -óid = origin suffix
  • A nDessachthar = name of a museum (lit. "that you may see inside her [the Second Mover]")
  • *nt *nk > unlenited /d g/ (normally written t c). Note that PCelt *ant,*ent > *ent > /eːd/ but *int *ont *unt > /idd odd udd/ like *nk: cét /kʲeːd/ "hundred" < PCelt *kantom (cf. Welsh cant) < PIE *kṃtóm; sét /sʲeːd/ "way" < *sentu- (vs. Breton hent); ro·icc, ric(c)/r(o)-iɡɡ/ "he reaches" < *ro-ink- (vs. Bret rankout "must, owe"); tocad /toɡað/ "luck" (vs. Bret tonkad "fate").[25]*ns > unlenited s with compensatory lengthening of a preceding vowel; *ans > *ens > és similarly to *ant *ank: géis "swan" < PCelt *gansi- < PIE *ǵʰh₂ens- (vs. Dutch gans "goose").
  1. i-affection: Short *e and *o are raised to i and u when the following syllable contains a high vowel (*i, *ī, *u, *ū). It does not happen when the vowels are separated by certain consonant groups.
  2. a-affection: Short *i and *u are lowered to e and o when the following syllable contains a non-high back vowel (*a, *ā, *o, *ō).
  3. u-affection: Short *a, *e, *i are broken to short diphthongs au, eu, iu when the following syllable contains a *u or *ū that was later lost. It is assumed that at the point the change operated, u-vowels that were later lost were short *u while those that remain were long *ū. The change operates after i-affection so original *e may end up as iu.

Orthography

Talmic script; borrow h from Windermere script

Phonology

Consonants

  • b c d f g l m n ŋ p r s t /p kʰ t f k l m n ŋ pʰ r s tʰ/
  • "Lenition": ḃ ch ḋ fh ġ h mh ph sh th /b gʰ d fʰ g h mʰ bʰ sʰ dʰ/
  • "Eclipsis": mb ŋc nd ŋg mf mp ns nt /ᵐb ᵑkʰ ⁿd ᵑg ᵐf ᵐpʰ ⁿs ⁿtʰ/
  • Geminates: cc ll mm nn ŋŋ pp rr ss tt /kː lː mː nː ŋː pː rː sː tː/

Vowels

  • a e i o u /a e i o u/
  • á é í ó ú /aː eː iː oː uː/
  • ai ei io oi ui
  • ae ao ái éi eo éu ia ío íu iú ói oí ua úi uí /ae ao ai ei eo: ø: ia i:o y: iu: o:i oi: ua u:i ui:/

All five short vowels a e i o u could occur in a word-final unstressed syllable.

Morphology

Main article: Tigol/Morphology

Syntax

Poetry

Tigol poetry from the time when Tigol was living uses the Welsh cynghanedd system.

  • Na hAmroctaíḃ Óc Eo = The Chronicles of Óc Eo