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Togarmite/Old: Difference between revisions
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→Masculine nouns
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*1sg: -nī | *1sg: -nī | ||
*2sg: -χa (f), -χi (f) | *2sg: -χa (f), -χi (f) | ||
*3sg: - | *3sg: -uh/-u (m), -ā (f) | ||
*1pl: -nė | *1pl: -nė | ||
*2pl: -χum (m), -χin (f) | *2pl: -χum (m), -χin (f) | ||
*3pl: -um/-hum (m), -in/-hin (f) | *3pl: -um/-hum (m), -in/-hin (f) | ||
Object pronouns immediately follow the verb and are written with a hyphen in native script: for example, ''gaddḗl-nī'' 'he made me great'. | |||
====Inflected prepositions==== | |||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Nouns have singular and plural numbers and three states as in Hebrew and Aramaic. The formation of the construct follows a rather complex set of rules | Nouns have singular and plural numbers and three states as in Hebrew and Aramaic. The formation of the construct follows a rather complex set of rules, often involving a stress shift. | ||
====Masculine nouns==== | ====Masculine nouns==== | ||
''ȝėlā́m'' = world | ''ȝėlā́m'' = world | ||
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*definite: ''an ȝėlā́m, an ȝėlamī́n'' | *definite: ''an ȝėlā́m, an ȝėlamī́n'' | ||
Possessive forms: | Possessive forms are formed by adding possessive suffixes to construct forms: | ||
singular: ''báyθī, báyθaχ, báyθeχ, | singular: ''báyθī, báyθaχ, báyθeχ, báyθuh, báyθā, báyθenė, báyθeχum, báyθeχin, báyθōm, báyθēn'' | ||
plural: ''bėθā́y, bėθáyχa, bėθáyχe, | plural: ''bėθā́y, bėθáyχa, bėθáyχe, bėθáyyu, bėθáyyā, bėθáynė, bėθáyχum, bėθáyχin, bėθáyyum, bėθáyyin'' | ||
====Feminine -(a)θ nouns==== | ====Feminine -(a)θ nouns==== | ||
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===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
:''See [[Togarmite/Old/Gzarot]] for common verb irregularities..'' | |||
Old Togarmite verbs are divided into 7 binyanim: | Old Togarmite verbs are divided into 7 binyanim: | ||
#''φaȝāl/nuφȝāl'' - G/N-stem | #''φaȝāl/nuφȝāl'' - G/N-stem | ||
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{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;" | ||
|+ Binyan 3A conjugation: ''hukdā́s'' 'to | |+ Binyan 3A conjugation: ''hukdā́s'' 'to be dedicated, to be set apart' | ||
! style="width: 75px; "| → Person<br/>↓ Tense | ! style="width: 75px; "| → Person<br/>↓ Tense | ||
! style="width: 75px; " | 1s | ! style="width: 75px; " | 1s | ||
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Numerals ending in 3 through 9 or 10 display the Semitic gender polarity: masculine nouns are maredd with -θ while feminine nouns are unmarked. | Numerals ending in 3 through 9 or 10 display the Semitic gender polarity: masculine nouns are maredd with -θ while feminine nouns are unmarked. | ||
# m. ʔaħā́d, f. ʔaħā́θ | # m. ʔaħā́d, f. ʔaħā́θ | ||
# m. | # m. šenáyn, f. šeθθáyn, construct šenė, šeθθė | ||
# m. šalė́šaθ, f. šalė́š | # m. šalė́šaθ, f. šalė́š | ||
# m. ʔarbáȝθ, f. ʔarbáȝ | # m. ʔarbáȝθ, f. ʔarbáȝ | ||
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==Sample texts== | ==Sample texts== | ||
===Schleicher=== | ===Schleicher=== | ||
'' | ''An xabš wan φarasīn'' | ||
''Χabše, žī law lė hawė šamre, φarasīn raʔė:'' | ''Χabše, žī law lė hawė šamre, φarasīn raʔė:'' | ||